<ƪ>Լע
Լע
ߣ  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣҽѧ֮ࡣ֮Ҳ֮䡣в롣ϤΧ֮Ҳ֮ڹ֮֡ 
ʦ˵֮书ɾ顣רƾ١ΪĪ֮ϰδ֮ν 
֮ΪҲʫ¡Է䲻˳ڹߡɱ֮ϧɡȻҪ 
֮ѡزΪ֡ࡣתĪ֮ȡ֮áǺϹʥΪҽ 
ˡȺʹﲻݡز֮֮衣书ֱΪ 
˰Ϊ֮֮죡Ԩٺ벩 ֮²ˮ巽֮ˡ֮ 
֮ر١֮ʤ֮ʧ컯֮롣ּ֮ߡ˹ȫ 
ܡ𡣲᪻רҡڡѧʿ֮ˡաª 
ִ֮żʳһࡣͬȻȫġΪᡣࡣӡʧ 
ԭ֮ĿѧʥҲνδкϱߡΪΪࡣɾڡ 
ԾɡעĳƪΪδҪöֹҲעʹȻĿȡ 
Լ֮⡣Ծеƶ 
\xʱ \x 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣһʡʮһƪв֤อ硢ġҩӳ֮ã޽ġԵ ᡣ 
֮¼߷Ϊƪӡñڸƪ֮СǰᡣԲҲ 
һʡ֮עΪע֮ɽעвδߡνйʥȻԶжȱ 
δԶעߡ䡣̨׸޶עּעĶࡣ 
ķܡע֮עߡעĬ಻֪֮ҲעвǰעδȻľġ 
á֮ߡѡѳɡ ʼעڿ硣ͬšġ 
ܽ⡣˽ʥҲעʮ֮ߡɼʮ֮䷱ߡ󡣻塣 
δϤΪɡԼעʮʼ͡ϲ֪޵Ψ֮ҽ֮ 
һǰעıŰ¡ࡣ üҽʷ϶ʼ̨֮ע辭Ѩ 
Ϊνйѧмг롣ȻԴη֮顣̳㡣ע֮Զӡ 
һμϤꡣ˵֮Ķࡣרġ˵֮ĶࡣΪั֮ 
ͬߡʶࡣ֮ҽҩͬϾԼʸɾ¼Ȼġ 
ࡣǰʾӺΪҲ 
һ졣ԾѨ˿֮֡ġʥ֪֮ȡ 
Ҫܶ¼ߡȫɡ 
һע̫עҲУ У֮Ҳע̨ݪעҲ 
ע׸ עҲע˹ ־ϵעҲ 
\x ʶ\x 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>һ
ԣءߡ֮Ҳɡߡี֮١νڳɡֲԪ޻Իี 
 ֮ˡ㲻ߡԷβʧνڹҲߡ֮١ıǳɡβѪıǡ 
ߡ֮١ϳɡߡʹ֮١ϲֳɡмСΪϲ֡򱯳 
ʱƪжİ硣ྭƪİСİ֮¡¡ 
ͬʹ֡ԡԻߡ֮ҲƢθߡ֮١ζɡߡ 
֮١仯ɡСߡʢ֮١ɡСθ֮¡ʢɡ󳦡ߡǿ֮١ɳɡ 
ؾʶ༿ɡߡ֮١ˮɡͨϽΡˮԭнΡˮͣ 
䡣½Ρˮסǻ¿մΪ˷ָΪǷǡߡݶ֮١Һɡ 
ܳӡײܻС㲻ͨʮߡʧҲ°Դ١ 
ʮΣʹͨ˴ˡԴꡣصۣ 
ء硣ľľᡣΡġĿΪΪڵΪ 
ζǡ񡣣Ӫ˴۶໯䡣Ϊ硣ڵΪľΪӪ˴۶Ϊ䡣 
ΪΡӪ˴۶ΪѡΪ͡Ϊ仯Ϊ١ëΪɢ 
ΪɡɫΪԡΪǡΪڱ䶯ΪաľԻֱ֮ҲΪΪĿ⾫΢Ի 
ߡ֮רҲĿߡҲζΪᡣ־Ϊŭŭ˸Ρʤŭ˽ʤ硣˽ 
ʤᡣˡϷȡ𡣻ࡣġѪѪƢࡣΪȡڵΪ 
ΪӪ˴۶ΪϢ䡣ΪġӪ˴۶ΪΪԡΪꡣ仯Ϊï 
Ϊ˸KT ɫΪࡣΪΪЦڱ䶯Ϊǡϲǡ 
ΪࡣΪ硣ʽԻϷɫͨġڶΪϡȻϡ 
ڶҹ֪ҲζΪࡣ־Ϊϲϲġϲ׹ʤϲ׳ʳ֮塣 
ʤȡʤࡣʪʪʡƢƢ⡣ΡƢڡΪʪڵΪ 
Ϊ⡣ΪƢӪ˴۶Ϊ䡣Ծ档Ϊ妡Ϊ仯Ϊӯ Ϊס 
ꡣ䶯עɫΪơΪΪ衣ڱ䶯ΪܡУơע档Ҳ 
ơܡҲҲΪڡζΪʡ־Ϊ˼˼Ƣŭʤ˼ʪ⡣ʤʪ֮ʪ紵 
ɡľ֮塣⡣ʤʡ𡣽ΡƤëƤëǡ 
ΪڵΪΪƤëΪΡӪ˴۶ΪɡΪΪ塣Ϊ̡仯Ϊ 
顣Ϊ¶ɱ䡣ɫΪסΪ̡Ϊޡڱ䶯ΪȡԡΪǡ 
ζΪ־Ϊǡ˷ΡϲʤǡƤëʤȡ̫ƤëʤƤëʤ 
ˮˮ̡衣ΡΪڵΪˮΪǡΪӪ˴ 
۶ΪᡣΪݡΪ仯ΪࡣۡΪɫΪڡΪ 
Ϊ롣ڱ䶯ΪΪζΪ̡־Ϊ֡˼ʤ֡ѪѪʤ 
Ѫ򡣣ʤ̡ӦۡӪ˴д˶Ρꡣʼ¼עС 
ءԡ衢ǡŮӰߡ֮ҲԲڵءʲضкԻ֮ 
עθ󳦡Сסߡ֮Ҳ졣кء 
Ի֮˲ܾкҲΪʹšͨΡԻšˮȲþòءν 
ߡؾкҲʵߡءʵҲۡ 
ءĲ񡣷βǡΪǡβػꡣΪꡣƢ⡣ν֮⡣˼ 
Ƣ־֮ν֮־־νءΪΪ顣ΪᡣƢΪѡΪ١ 
νҺĶȡζ񺮡ζ硣Ƣʪν񡣣ۣͬ 
ءߡ֮֮Ҳ仪档Ѫߡ֮֮Ҳ仪ëƤ 
ݡ֮֮Ҳ仪ڷڹǡ߰գƣ֮֮ͬҲ˶ƣ͡ 
仪צצߡ֮ࡣڽѪľΪ֮ʾļӴ˾䡣ҽԷΡδ 
ھּ֮Ƣθ󳦡Сߡ֮Ӫ֮ҲӪнԻܻɡ 
תζҲ仪ڴİסڼʮһࡣȡڵҲڲۡ 
ء󡣷βҡΪ໪ǡҡĲڱӦϷϡ 
¡ԻءƢΪ֮ʹӪˮȡȹอࡣθΪ֮Сܰó֮С 
֮ϡиĸΪΪѪΪĸ֮󡣣߽֮ԡСġߡ 
ҲߡҲߡ֮ۮߡ֮мһ֮١ȡšԴҲ 
ܴľ¡ԻСġơжʮһڡڵ߽֮ԡ׸˵ľΪ 
һնΪ֮Ҳעơ׵֮¡а硣׵֮¶֮İ 
߽ڶֹԻ߽֮ԡСġݴ˽⡣䡣ۣ̽ 
顿ν񡢻ǡ⡢־˼ǡԻ֮ߡҲ֮ߡҲ 
Ҳʣһ֮ν֮ԻŮžﻯಫν֮񡣣׫ɡ 
ν֮ꡣβػꡣ֪֮ꡣν֮ǡβǡ֮˶ǡ 
ν֮ġԻ߾֮Ҳɡ˽֮Ҳ֮ν֮⡣֮ 
ν֮־רΪ־־ν֮˼ͼıԳɴ־˼˼ԶĽν֮ǡǶν֮ǡ 
񡣣 
顿ಫ򸾡϶ΡνϽζ޹ë¶֮ȡ 
ȹࡣνйڡν򡣹עڹǡ졣й󡣲衣Ƥ 
νҺҺԻ¼⡣ƤΪΪҺнȡ֭仯ࡣν 
ѪնӪԼҲܡν߶˥Ŀ 
йߡν֮Һ߹첻ʧɫز Ѫɫסز 
Ȼ顣ΪѪ 
顿֮ѪߡԷҲߡѪӪ妽ǡؽҲߡ 
·⡣Ƥ˾Ҳ־ߡջǡʺ¡ϲŭҲǹѪ 
СӪǾǿؽӡƤᡣӡ־רֱǲɢ 
ŭ಻аӡʥ֮ҪºȡԲͨ֫ڵðӡ֮ 
ƽҲߡԲؾѪҲߡԻˮȶнҺҲأ 
顿躣Ѫˮ֮ߡӦĺҲθˮ֮䣨Ѩᡣ֡ 
Ѩ塣¼ꡣȥĴ硣Ӧ֡Ի˳Ի¡֡ 
Ѩϥ硣 ⡣СΪʮ֮Ѫڴ̡׾Ѩ 
һ׵¡Ըһ֡³ھ֮θѨϾһ硣¾ 
硣Ϊ֮ζƪʼθ侫΢ߡȳθ֮ԸࡣӪ֮֮ 
ҶߡСԻӪνнӪС½ҲҲ֮¡ 
󷢼ʡСǰӭԶθΪ֮ǡ 
ٻѨڷ縮һ౾뷢һִСۣ 
顿ظอ֮Ҳߡ֮Ҳθߡ̫ҲʺСߡҲθ֮ߡ 
ҲθϡȪӢߡҺ֮ҲȪ½౾ά֮ᡣӢáϹһ 
֡ξߡнϡۣ 
顿߱ҲüҲͥҲաҲެ߼ղҲ߶Ҳʹƪڡ 
ɫáɫӦʱѱ档ͥšáùެμ⡣ڸ߻⡣ 
ɫΡƽаꡣٲ档ͥšСáެβǽǽ޻ȥ⡣ߡ 
ƽӼ֮زΪΪΪǽɫ 
顿ߡ֮ؽҲ֫ߡ֮Ҳߡ֮֮򡣽Һ֮Ҳ 
 
̽а 
顿ԲطͷԲ㷽Ӧ֮¡Ŀоݡоϡзꡣϲŭ 
硣ʱ֫ࡣɡжġкȡʮա 
ʮָʮʮָӦ֮ŮӲڡ޾غ衣ԱΡ 
зޡʮաʮڡиɽмϥȡҸ ΪҸϥ 
Ϊ ʮˮʮˮƪ̫ˮμˮϺˮ̫Ϻˮ 
ˮˮ̫ϻˮˮϽˮ̫Ϻˮϼˮ 
ˮȪв кëҹǡݡСɽСڡ 
ɽʯи߹ǡľļоء ⡣ʮ¡ʮڡʱݡ 
ӡӦҲаͣ 
ءƤӦ졣ӦءƢӦˡӪӦʱӦӦɡ 
ĿӦǡӦ硣ʮӦҰƪ 
ءͨڷΡ֮纮ʪҲͨɡ֮ȸҲ 
ͨڸΡľͨġͨƢɡͨΪˮࡣΪ 
ͨθΪܡΪˮע֮֮ͷ档֮¹ˮעΪ֮ 
֮֮֮֮֮֮סӦۡ 
ء߽ĿΪѪʾѪƪĿ֮ҲĿ θϵĿ 
ϵĿ СĿ ϵĿϵĿϵҲ߽ԡΪ躣߽ 
ڽڡʮᡣ䡣ʾ˽Ѫ߽ġѪΪѪ߽ڷΡβ 
֫Ϫ֮ϦҲעϫ֮塣ÿ֫жϪѪڸΡβѪˡءѪ 
ӡĿΪϡѪܲѪաָѪ㡣ѪؽڡԳ紵֮Ѫڷ 
ΪԡԡΪɬΪʡ䡣ߡѪж÷աסҲΪ 
Ҳдʮ֡СϪʮʮᡣ˽ֹ֮а֮ҲΪʮ֡ 
ʮ֮ҲСΪСϪѨʮ塣ʮᡣֹʮҲʮᡣ׾֮ᡣ 
ᡣƢᡣᡣᡣᡣᡣθᡣᡣᡣСᡣҲƪ 
顿ܹǡ塣עעǶߡϳʡСɡԻ 
ǡ塣ǡǡߡҲ 
עڷΡθθ֮塣ϳڿڡ֮ǡעھڻںѪ 
̫С֮ǡ̫Ρ֮塣߿ϡĿڱǡ 
塣̫Ƣǡǡ 
顿֮עĿΪ֮֮񽡣ơΪ֮ۡΪͫӡˮ֮֡Ϊ 
ۡΡ֡Ѫ֮Ϊ硣ġѪ֮֡ΪۡΡ֮֡ΪԼƢ֡ߢ 
Ѫ֮ΪϵԡСа֮顣ϵת 
תĿϵĿϵĿѣתӡɢ硣Ŀߡ֮ҲӪ֮ӪҲ 
֮Ҳɢ־ҡǹͫӺ۷۳ҲϴҲĿߡʹ 
Ҳߡ֮ҲʾҶתȻǳɢáԻҲۣ 
顿Ҳ캮ѵи顣Ȼ治ºҲԻʮʮ硣Ѫ 
߿գͬϡ侫ĿΪڶΪϳڱǶΪҲ 
θߴΪζ֮ҺѬ档ƤŨᡣ쵱󡣣ʤ֮Ҳ 
а 
อΡѾԻͷ֮ҲжͷͺҲ 
ء첻ҶĿҲزϡ㲻ǿҲҲ侫ϡ 
顣ʹĿ㲻ҲҲ侫¡ʢ顣ĿҲ 
ʾаȫҲӦۣ 
ءƽС֮֮Ҳƻ衣֮֮Ҳҹ֮֮Ҳ 
ƽ֮֮ҲӦ֮֮ΪΪ֮ΪΪ 
อΪΪʱΪ֮Ҳ֮ҲΪ֮Ҳ 
֮Ҳ֮ƢҲ˽ӦҲӦ֮Ҳۣ 
顿θȡ񺮡Ӳƪʹȡȡʦ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ڶ
ԣ顿ʼȳɾɶΪɡΪӪΪաΪǽƤëθͨ 
ѪСߡܾٲʵɲ̫֮ͨн䡣󳦡 
Ϊѭθڡθ֮䡣ĤڸʹѬķΡΡӷϵ 
Ҹ¡вԻҸѭ ڡ֮Ϊ ᡣġİ֮ǰС Ϊ⡣ 
ѭϹΪۡڡǰΪڡ㡣ѭʡƹ֮ǰָ֮¡𴦡ͳν 
֮㡣ʡѨָ֮ˡѨֹƪơϳȱ衣ѭ֧ߡ󣨱۹Ǿ 
Ϊ󡣣ֱָˡȱѨѨǶ򲡷ȡȱ 
ʹºСθѨֶïҲΪʡߡ 
ʡˮġϷΡС ǰʹѭ ۡʡʡ 
ȡİ֮֡ǰʢࡣ米ʹΪ̫֡һۡ纮з硣СǷ 
̡Ϊĸӡ米ʹһۡηϢɫ䡣ĸа 
ӡ֮ڴָָ֮ˡָ֮ڶָʳָҲѭָϹ֮䡣Ϲһڡ 
Ѩ֮СϪѨѭ ǰϼ硣 㡣֮ǰ ǡѨ 
ڼǼ䡣ϳ֮ϡǡ׾˻ڴ׵ȱ衣ѨºС 
ΡΪ󳦡֧ߡȱϾա³СЮڽС֮ҡ֮ 
ЮǿסӭѨաƪơѭƪơǶ򲡳ʹݷ졣 
סϾҺߡ򡣣Ŀƣȣڸɡ޽򡣣顣Ѫ 
ԡǰ ʹָָʹáܾáסθ 
֮ڱ֮ СɽԼһɡ̫֮֮֡ѭ⡣СϳݡЮ 
½н´С֮ᡣȴѭúΪ򥡣ΪáӭǰѨѭ 
նˡ϶ǰˡѨڶǰǡѭ­Ϊ­֧ߡӴ 
ӭǰӭһᡣһֶԺѭƪơͷɡȱ衣 
ºСθƢΪԷֱ֧ߡȱЮꡣ 
С塣Ѩڹһ綯ƪơн֡н֡ͷн֡н֡֡·Ҳ 
֧ߡθڡѭжϡǰϡ¹ءַáΪ¡ǰϥ⴦ 
ΪáúΪ¹ءϥСЮϥΪѭơ档ָڼ䡣֧ߡ 
ָ䡣֧ߡϡָˡѨաԽ̫ 
֧ƪơͨġѭ˳š ϵĿϵǶ񺮡űԻ򥡣 
Ƿպڡˮ𡣣ƪѪʢ𡣣ľȻ 
ľҲջ뻶ƪౡҲʢջ뻶Ҳ 
߶衣¶ߡƪ֫ߡ֮Ҳʢ֫ʵʵܵǸҲʢ¶Ҳ 
츹͡ѭˮ༤͡Ϊ ʡֹΪ ѪߡѪ֡ű 
 
ູθС ӡͬҲЮڻףѭóӭԡѭ 
ˮסθ˥ˮϥʹϥѭߣߴ顢СԱѨ֡ɡá 
ϽʹָáԾʢǰȡ֮ǰθƼ 
ʢɫơθס㡣ǰԺθк͡Ƣ̫֮ڴָ֮ 
ˡָѨѭָڲʡ˹Ǻ󡣣¹չǡҲǰԻס 
ڡ ̡ƪԻҲһ ơ衣ҲѭֹǺ󡣽֮ǰϥ 
ǰ븹ƢθΪЮʡ౾ɢ¡֧ߡθעС 
СǶ౾ǿ౾ʳŻθʹθ档ȡƪθ 
ɢθ档úƨȻ˥˥ءƢ⡣Ƣߡ౾ʹ 
岻ܶҡضߡʳ¡ƢʳġעС¼ʹθʹ磨硣й 
йкˮջƵʪȲйơƢɫԡθ͡ԲǿϥסƢ֫ 
йϥʡָá𡣣֮СϵϵͨɷҶ¡ 
󡣹Ἱ衣ͨͨġͨࡣССΪ֧ߡϵЮϵĿ 
ϵƪơߺ档Ŀ ƪơϵ౾ֱߡϵȴϷΡ³Ҹ¡Ȫ 
Ѩѭ ں̫Ρİ֮ڡѭںƺ֮ˡںѭСָ 
֮ڳˡٳѨաԽ̫ԻΪࡣ佻ܡ֧𡣣Ƕ 
ɸɣЮʡʹʶĻ𡣣Ϊʡѭ ۡߡĿơϵĿϵĿ вʹ 
в¡ ںʹѭ ۺʡʹͬС̫֮Сָ֮ 
ˡСָѨľѭ󡣣۹ǾΪ󡣣У¶ҹΪסֱϡѭ۹ 
ڲ֮䡣ѭ ⡣ΪΪ⡣ƼΡ³Ƭǡϡϻ 
׵ཻڼϡȱ衣ġѭθССΪ֧ߡȱѭϼա 
Ŀ ĿΪ ȴСѨա֧ߡ ĿΪ ֱǡĿ ڽǡ 
бȧ̫ǶʹסԹˡЮѭưΡ ۡѭ Һ 
ߡСҺĿơĿ סϼա ʹ̫֮ 
Ŀ ѨΪ̫֮ᡣ϶ۡٻѨ֧ߡϽǡֱߡ 
ԡԺΪΪǰΪѭ粲ڡ֮ΪЮмԵһС 
ȥһ֡СϺΪѭЮΪƪơѭɢס 
Ϊ֧ߡЮΡ Сϴ ȴϥΪ ֧ߡӲұ¡ 
ΡЮڡԵڶСȥ硣¡Ӳ¹ΡࡣࡣΪ¡ 
ݹΪࡣѭ⡣Ӻº Сǰ ߺϡ¹ ڡǡ֮ѭǡѨ 
ʡСָࡣѨԽǶ򲡳ͷʹ϶ԡĿѡΡ 
Ŀ ʹۡЮ²ࡣ ᡣ ѡ  Ϊʡ 
סߡδꡣ̫ྷ֢Է˽Ҳ̣ءű̫ű 
񲼲ƪд̫ߡͷضʹĿԻѪԻ̫ 
ѭϳԡΪ ŽʹСָáСָԾ֮Сָ֮¡ 
аġӿȪѨȻ֮¡ѨǰСѭ֮󡣱С ڡǡ 
ϥϹںἹڶǿѨסΪƪơʮ׵ 
ֱߡϹСѭЮ౾ںǡڻᡣ֧ߡӷγġעС 
֮СԽİǶ򲡼ʳʢ򼢡Ƣʳ񡣣ɫڡ 
ҲѪΡʿѪΪ𡣣Ⱥȶϱ𡣣鲻Ŀ  
ͫˮҲ״ġƿ֡Ϊ־˽֮Ϊʡ 
ǡߡס𡣣ˮƤסɸɼʹѭЮ౾ 
ʹġƵˮƢΪŮ㡣 ʴۡСΪ Ѫں 
ʹ֮󡣣ʡ²ʶϡԡ¡ȶʹӿȪ 
İ֮Сİ硣֮¡İаƪԻ 
СķΡ֧ߡгвҸ硣ѨԴг塣ԱѨϵҸѭ ڡȪ 
Ѩ̫Ρġ֮䡣м䡣СѨС±֮ۡ䡣Ѩ 
ƺ䡣СС͹ѨѭָˡгѨ֧ߡСѭСָָˡСָ 
ָָ֮Ҳ˽ƪơѭ󡣣ǶȡμҸס 
в֧Ծ 󶯡ϳľʲͬࣨΪɫĿơĿΪʹϲЦݡ 
Цݡߡʹȡ֮Сָָ֮ˡ 
ָسѨϳָ֮䡣ѭֱ󡣣۹ǾΪѭѨ֮䡣쾮ѨϹ⡣ 
Ϊ⡣ѭ ϼ硣¶ҸΪ ֮󡣣ȱ衣ºСС 
м䡣ɢİѭİ֧ߡСϳȱ衣ϵֱϡ 
ǡ¼ ĿΪ ֧ߡӶС߶ǰǰѨǰǡ 
Ŀ Ƕ򲡶 С׺ԡ𡣣ߡ 
 
İ𡣣ΪĿ ʹס ʹСָָáԾ 
֮Ŀ ͫ Ѩȥ ֡ϵͷǡ¶ѭ֮ǰϡȴ 
֮ȱ衣֧ߡӶССѨ߶ǰĿ 󡣣ͫ ֧֮֡ߡ 
 ´ӭθѨǰһ֡С ¡Ӽճ¾ȱ衣 
ǰϡСΪѭвҸΪв ֡塣ë 
ëʡ֮ΪëʡСࡣֱߡȱҸѭعвв֮Ϊв 
ξѨºСѭѭ⡣̫֮䡣ϥ⸨֮ǰ¹Ϊǡֱ 
µ־֮ˡΪǡ³֮ǰѭϡ档Сָָ֮䡣ָѨաƪ 
ơϸιġЮʡСɢ档ϵĿϵ֧ߡָ֮䡣ѭָڳˡ 
ָںΪǡצסëָצ׺ΪëԽξǶ򲡿ڿࡣζΪࡣ 
ࡣ̫Ϣľ档вʹתࡣġвΪε̫֮ǰ 
Ҳ΢г޸󡣣ľܷ١ⷴȡϥ⸨סΪʡ档 
ߡǲδꡣȫԪơߡ֮ڹǡ֮١ơͷʹ 
 
ͷǡƫͷʹʹӼճĿ ʹ ȱʹвס 
񨡣вҸ֡𡣣űӰűȡ 
вϥ⡣־ǰڽʹԾࡣʱƪ֮֡ 
ڴָë֮ʡѨѭȥһ硣зѨװ˴硣̫Ƣ֮  
ѭ֮ѨëСëСһСЮθ絨Ϊ 
Ϲвߡѭ֮򪡣򪡣ƪԻ౾Ŀϵϳ붽ۡϰ 
Ѩ֧ߡĿϵ¼ڡ֮⡣ڴڡ֧ߡӸαעΡн 
֮֡Խ̫ǶʹΪĸ֮ࡣʹΪĸӡԸľԻֱȻ 
ɷ ޡٸסСޡ޶ɸɡѭ泾ɫ 
ľ١ǣȱ֡ߡϹŻ棨ľθйľʢޡ 
磨顣񪡣λ𡣣ƪ 
ءߡγ嶽澭֮һм֮¡Ĵ硣Ѩмм¡ʼڶ֮ 
֮ѨɻиɻбëʡѭмѨϹԪѨ硣ʺ 
áѭнڳѭĿĿ¶ڳߡ֡Ѩëԡ 
֮දƪ֮硣¡֡ѾҾЮСжɢ 
жϡԶϡζƪڰСѭΪ֮両ߡ 
ѭСʺ紽ڡѪʢ⡣ѪʢƤëΪڽޡŮ 
ӴۡޡˮѪ Ҳ޷޸Ƣޡ޳  ޺ޡޡ 
Ҳ֮ۡޡΪＱиʲڡ档Ѫʼ 
Ϊǿۡбʲڼζ֮һԴ硣ڰСʾνΪߡͼ 
ѭν֮ٸֱν֮Ρν֮ҲΪǰΪΡзΪҲ 
ߡܶһ֮ٸ¹롣Ůϵ͢ס֮͢ס©Ҳס֮Ҳѭ 
Ů֮ϴۼ䡣֮䡣ƴۺ󡣣֮󡣣̫ס 
ߡϹںἹ֮ߡ̫϶С̫Ŀ ϶ۡ 
ԡѭ粲ڡЮСѭ˶̫ߡѭۡ 
Ůӵȡٸֱߡ롣ϹûϵĿ֮롣˶ߡעơ 
˹֮ͬҲٸϳĶʹϡǰ󡣣С㡣Ϊޡ˶Ϊ 
ͬڳߡŮӲСΪѪ̥ʲС硣ɸɡ˶Ϊͬڳߡ 
ѭѭϴۼ䡣ƴۺ󡣹ȻҲνߡŮӵ֮ҲߡϳҲߡ 
쾭֮Ҳǿۣ 
顿ߡ澭Ρ֮𡣣Ϊ֮Ȼ֮󡣣״֮¡ 
պѨ֮ϡֱϡѭѭȱ衣ϳӭ֮ǰθѨЮ ȧ 
ҲĿ Ѩ̫ζСʼڰ׾֮ѨС໹ 
ಢΪ妡󡣣Ŀ١Ŀϡȣ 
顿Ƣ֮硣ԻԨҺҸѨ硣вʵʹٽھݡ 
ƪԻ̫֮Իȱ֮Իͨ֮Իڹء̫֮Ի֧֮Իƫ 
֮Իء̫֮Ի֮Ի֮Ի¡̫֮Ի֮Իӡ 
֮Ի󻹵֮Իβ衣֮ԻǿƢ֮ʮ硣 
ءθ֮硣ԻΡ¡䶯Ӧ¡ҲڡҲҲΪĸΪʮ 
֮ڡʢߡСᡣлӡԻ֮¡䶯Ӧ¡йҲйƽ 
ۣ 
ءʥǰԻԻ̫塣עԻϷλʢ󡣹ԻĲϡνǰ 
̫弴ڱԻ֮϶ʢҲ̫֮ءԻ֮ϡԻ̫Ϊ 
Сָ֮¡׸ΪСָࡣΪ̫ѨСָࡣš 
ԻĿҲѨԻ֮ϡԻ֮¡Ի̫Ϊ졣Ϊء 
¡̫ƢҲ̫֮ǰԻθ̫Ƣ֮ǰΪҡѨ 
ֺֺ֮ˡԻ֮֮Իи֮⡣е֮λڡΪ 
ѨСֺֺ֮ˡԻ֮ǹ֮Ҳעбν֮롣żν֮ϡ 
̫ΪΪءΪࡣ̫ڱڱ֮ڱ֮䡣ת 
ͬߡʧҲ𸡡Իһעֳ͡޸֮𡣣ΪΪ 
бȻΪڡ¡Ի̫Ƣڳ֮ϡ̫סѨ 
ֺˡԻ̫֮֮ԻƢ֮󡣣ӿȪѨġԻ֮ 
֮ǰԻװ˴硣̫Ƣ֮ʼ֮ǰǰ񡣣ڴءѨ 
ֺëС֮ʮ¡Ϊ֮Ի֮˾Ϊǹ֮Ҳ 
̫ΪΪءΪࡣ̫Ϊ֮䡣ʧΪࡣ 
ߡʧҲԻһ֮ǧ֮ȻҪ֮һһνһ 
ʻҲۡ 
ءҲ³ȡΪҲ硣 
ʮºΪҪۣ 
ءΪ̫ҲܶΪҲаһΪ͡һҲ 
ټΪĸ̫ҲΪơҲΪࡣһΪʹһ 
ҲıΪʹۣ 
顿Ӫ֮ڹΪ֮ΪӪˮȡ΢֮θ˴֮ΡƢΪڷΡ 
Сɢ⡣ΪࡣΪɢ⡣רߡھ֮ר߻ΪӪѭ֮Ӫ 
ѡնʼν̫֮͡Ӫ֮Сÿմ̫ʼע󳦾ע 
θϡ档עָ䡣̫ϡֺѨ̫е¡ע 
СѭġҸ±ۡעСָСָľѨ̫СָࡣСгҸ 
ڡĿ¡עĿ Ѩ̫׾̫׾ѭꡣǾ 
עСָ֮ˡСֺ׾ѨѭġбġӿȪѨעעעġ 
İɢСѭİ硣Ҹ±֮ۡ䡣İѨС͹Ѩ 
ָ֮ˡгѨİעСָָ֮ˡֵָسѨ 
עСм䡣ɢעвעϡ档עָ䡣 
ξѨΡ˶աӸעΡзξѭ֮ϡ򪡣 
šδꡣУơɼš֧ߡ϶ѭСѭ ۡǾǶҲ 
ϹëССѭȱ衣עҲעС̫նʼӪ֮Ҳ 
˳֮Ҳ˳СԺϳӪ 
顿ڹȡθԴΡθڷΡɢอΪӪ 
ΪԻӪߡˮ֮ߡˮ֮ӪСԾרھ֮С 
⡣ Ƥ֮䡣ƪԻ両֮ѭߡΪ侫֮ھߡ 
ΪӪӪݡʮᡣᡣ绷޶ˡʮȡʮȡΪҹ 
ֹԻж¤¤𡣣Ϊҹ¤Ϊ̫ڡ̫⡣жʮ 
ȡΪҹҹΪ¤ҹΪ˥ƽӡж¤˥ 
ӡҹᡣᡣԡԻƽѡͬ͡Ӫᣩ 
顿硣ҹ֮Сһһҹʮʮܡҹʮܡǹƽ 
ĿѨ̫Ŀͷѭ̫׾ʼѭСָ֮ˡС 
ֺѨɢߡͷɢߡĿ ̫ССָ֮ࡣѨɢߡ 
Ŀ ֮ͫ עСָָ֮䡣ֺ֮Ѩѭֲ֮ࡣ 
Сָ֮䡣Сָָ֮ˡָ֮سѨǰעθϡ 
ָֺ֮䡣ѨɢߡӶ¡󳦾֮ӭѨڱԡָ 
ָ֮䡣ѨСҲġӿȪѨס֡Ŀ 
ҹ֡ո̫ѨΪһܡһһҹˮ°ٿ̡ʮȱϡӡ 
ʼע¡¡עġעڷΡ̫ע 
ڸΡעƢ̫ƢעΪܡࡣȱİаƪԻ 
а֮ߡİ硣֮ۡ졣֮Ҳһܡ֮ 
ʮܡĿԾѨ𡣣 
顿ӪнѨΪнθй΢ΪѪ½һѨΪ½ 
ΪԸ֮ԻϽθϿڡϽСɡθ䵱֡ʣϺ˾ 
ϡС֮֡Ҹѭֶ̫֮С̫ξ󳦡 
ࡣθƢġСİΡ̫ΡӪʮȡ 
ʮȡһҲʮȶ̫ӡϽӪͬھ֮СнಢθС 
θ֮䡣Ͻ֮󡣣֮¡ߡɡڱСҺڽҺС侫΢ 
עڷ˻ΪѪԷĪڴˡʶھԻӪνӪнҲԻѪ֮ 
ͬࡣνҲԻӪߡҲˮ֮ѪߡҲظݾѪѪ֮ 
ͬɡʶѪ޺ẹѪ֮ҺѪҲѪߡٷ亹 
ߡȥѪ֮ӡ½ߡس󳦡עڰ׶ɡˮߡ 
θСɶڴ󳦡½֮ͣ˾ɡ¡ڱ֭ѭ½ɡ 
СΪ㡣жߡΪҲϽ֮뵡н 
ŽŽ֮ϸ½¡֮йڽ½¡δ½֮νҲ᪻ 
˵մνҲ̨ơ˲ΪΪ֮ν 
жλ֮һöɵøߡΪһ֮塣ԳɡӪᣩ 
顿֮˳κΡ϶ߡ¶ߡԻ֮֡Ϊ˳̫Ρи 
ִָ̡֮ġӼȪСָ֮ٳ塣İضָ֮г塣֮ͷΪ 
˳󳦡ָͷ֮ӭ㡣̫ССָͷָ֮س 
ͷ֮˿ա֮ͷ㡣Ϊ˳̫סͷСֺ֮θͷͷάֺ 
֮ҡͷͫ ֺ֮֮߸Ϊ˳̫Ƣֺ׶߸֮ 
ӿȪ߸֮ḮΡֺض߸֮šתߡΪҲ֮ 
кҲ֮߸СƢֱ߱𡣣Իߡ֮Ҳ 
ɡΪѪอߡ򪡣򪡣¶ϹԻ塣ߡ 
ߡע֮硣֮硣̫ѨߡԳ֮硣֮Ҳ֡ 
¡Ѩ塣ѭ Сϥ һ ڡ֮ 
ߡ֮Ƣǰߡгơѭơָ䡣ѭӿȪ 
ֺ¼⡣ϹǡΪอ֮֮Ҳ˳ݣ 
顿֮ Ҳβ֮ѨԻҲߡ֮Ҳ֮Ҳ 
̡аҲΪа֮ˡȥȥӡаġ 
а֮ߡ֮硣ߡ֮Ҳʶ ɡ֮ͬʼ֮ 
ߡԻ⾭硣಻ࡣʶȡ侭ƺ֮ˡ侭ߡȡƺǡ 
֮Ѩѡ֮ۡ졣֮Ҳߡİ羭 
ƪơ̫֮ҲԭڴꡣϵİѨİľ¡ʲԻ֮šԻİ֮ 
ꡣƺСаͣ 
ءھľͨ硣ڼ⡣⡣ƤƤ 
塣ڹС衣ʱۣ 
ء̫֮ѪѪѪѪѪ̫ 
Ѫע֮อϡг㡣㡣̫Ѫ 
ѪѪѪΩѪԶࡣˮ֮Ѫ֮Ҳζƪ 
Ѫ̫Ѫ˲ͬΪ̫ΪΪ 
Ρ̫ΪθƢ̫ΪСġΪİ̫Ϊ 
󳦷ΡһһһһࡣΪϡѪ־ƪͬ 
顿  ѨҲߡᾭҲʮ  ԭ ʮ  
ʮʮ塣İΪʮʮѨټӶ֮ǿ֮β衣Ƣ֮Ϊʮ硣 
ʮ¡ΪˮʼΪѨ̡ٳ塣δءƢסӿȪİг塣Ϊľ 
С󡣵θҡس塣Ϊ𡣣ΪСˮΪѨʡ 
ٸм䡣Ƣ󶼡Ȼȡİ͹Ϊ𡣴󳦶䡣СǰȡϪθͥͨȡҺš 
ΪˮעΪ䡣һ Ӵ˶עΪѨ̫Ԩš̫塣Ƣ̫ס̫ϪİꡣΪ 
䡣СϪθݹȡǡ価ΪˮԭѨ󳦺ϹȡСǡ档θ 
׾ǡءΪִӶΪѨξз⡣ƢİʹΪ 
𡣴ϪСȡθϪء֧Ϊ𡣣ΪϡӴ˻ϡΪѨγ 
ٺȪƢȪȡİΪˮȪСٺȪθίС 
ΪʮС Ҳ֮ʮᡣԽߡ֮гҲƤҲ 
ߡߡ֪ڡԴ̷ȻѨҽԵ֪֮ʴڴˡʮԭ 
ء޶ȡоˮʮˮоʮº͡ˮ캮ض 
ˮɬȡˮ硣籩ˮӿ¤𡣷а֮ҲѪ 
а͡羭ˮ֮÷Ҳ֮Ҳʱ¤ѭѭȻҲʱʱС 
аСƽ޳Ϊȡаۣ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣء֮ʤʢ֮䡣䳣ҲʤġʮΪġľ 
ʤˮʤġˮ˻𡣣ʤ˽𡣣ʤľνʱ֮ʤнʱΪʤ 
ࡣ紺֮ࡣҲԹʼҲעΪʱ֮ʱ 
ʤаƧӡۡߡҲľҲ֮ʼҲδν̫ʤ 
ʤҲԻࡣʤʤľࡣ𡣶Ƣ֮Ҳ 
νʤСܲʤ֮ҲԻȡ㡣ʤηС֮ 
˶ܲʤ֮߳ҡľ㲻ηС֮ˮʤ֮ 
֮Ҳۣ 
ءа֮Ҳʤӡаˡʤ衣ľɽʤľʤ֮ࡣ 
ߡβġĲڳ֮ࡣʤ˼ߡβĲڶ֮ࡣ 
֡ߡβڶĲڴ֮ࡣԵλ𡣣꼺֮βڴĲ֮ࡣ 
ȶ֮ҹ ëʯ֮ࡣ˿Լ֮ʱ֮ҲΪϡʱۣ 
ءߡ֮Ҳ֮ټ͡仯֮ĸɱ֮ʼ֮Ҳβ䱾 
֮อѪ֮纮ʪ֮¡֮ҩ֮ƽȡԲ塣ʻΪ졣 
ΪءꡣɱࡣԪʹԻɱࡣУơҲλ纥 
ʮ¡֮ɱҲνɱ֮աΡȡȼ֮ 
ϱٲ֮塣ǡ塣¡йϡ 档͡ 
֮Ҳ෴λΪ档˳ΪӡΪ졣ΪءΪơΪꡣ 
Ƴཻʩܻ֮ʳθ羫ƢƢɢ 
ڷΡǵΪҲ½֮ͨˮסˮĲΪҲ΢ּơ 
ν졣ƳҲѶνءҲ˽ӦҲʻ֮ϡ 
Ŀڱǡϡǰ⡣ࡣڡʵ֫֫Ϊ 
֮ȡˮΪΪ֮ˮ𡣣ΪΪζζΡι龫 
עʳζζΡΡιʳ龫ʾ黯ʳʳζ 
ζγΡΡζΡ˾ζ̫ƫʤΡࡣ 
ǻ𡣹˾Ϊζʳζϡ硣ϡ񡣣ζŨΪ 
Ϊ֮ŨΪΪ֮ζŨй½к𡣣ͨͨй 
йܷɢŨȡŨܲ׳֮˥ٻ֮׳׳ѱ˥׳׳ʳ 
ʳٻ׳ɢٻ𡣼Ҳ׳ܺɢԪԻ׳ʳٻԪԻʳٻ 
˻˻²ʹ֮ƽʹ֮ʢԿºעԴ˶νҩζ 
עΪԫҩʵ֮Իζ̫Ũ֮ҩ׳֮Ʒ֮֮ܵ˥ӡǹ 
޿֮ҲѾѧɲҲζʷɢΪӿйΪ˴ζ 
ֱ֮רζ֪ӡ׳֮ҩζɢʻʷɢΪտйӿйΪ 
ʤʤʤȡʤ򺮡غȡ򺮡Ｋ򷴡ΡθС 
й׳ʳ֮塣ʹסʹߡҲ׶ʹߡҲʤ򶯡ѣ 
˴ʤסӸ ʤɡҺݺԡƤҡʤ򸡡Ϊȡ˸ʪʤк 
ܷˮˮʱСղءʪ硣аˮʪ 
ľ硣ࡣϲŭǿ֡аϲŭαƢǡ֡ϲŭΡ 
ŭϲСȥΡСھ硣Ρϲŭڡˡȡ 
С˲̡֢֢Իںز¡Ϊɱ 
Ϊ²ıΪȲڷ硣йľ űȷء 
硣Ϊ֮űʪԡעʪȶࡣˮʪಫԡԸ 
¡Իߡ֮ҲߡѪ֮ŮҲߡ֮·Ҳˮߡ֮Ҳ 
ߡ֮ʼҲʼܡԻڡ֮ҲΪӪء⡣֮ʹҲΪʤ 
ȡա֡ڱǡʴ֡Ϊ֮֮òʤա޺ 
ȡݸɣʢԷԩ͡аܣ͡ġΪп͡ 
ʤʤູ鲻⡣塣䡣ʡ֫䡣͡ 
ĲܶΪˮӦۣ 
ءλʵ顣ӡڡ⡣ӲͬʲҲҲ⡣ߵ 
Ҳڡλʵ顣ʵ顣׸޼ʵ䡣ʷаߡ֮ʳ 
ڡӲʱߡ֮ܡܡνڴ⡣֮֮ࡣ 
ȲʱԡΪ ΪйΪ Ѫʺ 
ϵ˾ڱǡθϵʡˮȡڿڡܷΪаʪʪΪ 
аͷдӱָˡͷ㡣Ի֡ 
ͷͷ㡣߸νҲԻм¡мϡ 
ڷߡ֮ΪСʪߡ֮ʪΪС̫ۣ 
ء⺮ϽƤ֮䡣⡣ϽͨϽͨ⡣ 
ʺ֮ˡ⡣䲻аηȡ;롣˥١ʢʳ١ 
֢֮ϽС䲻ͨθȡȡѬСȡ֮ˡˮƻ 
ʢȡϽͨƤܡҲͨйԽȡ˼ 
˺֢֮ʢں档жккȥѪɬͨ 
ʢɬкʢкѪɬ֮ˡԷʢ֮ƪ 
ءߡաʧٶá˵չ֮աǹϡ 
Ҳںࡣ˶ɢ羪˸Իʤ򸡡ǺΪȡ 
šԽЮʪЮ顣ʶູ򴭺ȡԡġѬΡʷԡ 
̿ɢ֢ȡ˺̿غɢ֮ʪͷĿء֮ 
ʪȲ ̡Сڳ ΪСڳΪ̡ʾмʪڶ 
ΪסζΪסά˻עѪ⡣עά֫Ҳ 
Ҫۡ˴֮ůΪ֮֮ޡΪ֮ŭάԹ顣άʱҲܽĶΡ 
даߡ֮лӡǵָҲߡš⡣С 
ٻġŻʹ˼ʡ巳档Ŀäӡղ¡  
ֹߡŭ֮塣Ѫҡͬϡʹ˱ʡ޽ 
档ڽݡݻΪֹƫڡʹƫݡڡֹҲƫҲһ 
޺֮а֮ʪ Ҳ Ҳߣ֮ͬ䡣㣨Ҳ 
󶡡顣עаע֮ʱءͺ硣Ϊ ۴̡ 
Ϊߡزá֮͡ξм͡עˡ 
ҲΪ ©Ҳ̡©ѪС©ΪηΪ 
֮䡣ѨอΪηˡҲӪӡ˳ 
ӸסӪѪ֮ȾΪӸǺδ˸ѨԱաΪűδֹΪ 
֮˸ѨᡣΪűĽԷ硣ʷ߰ٲ֮ʼҲ徲վܡдĪ֮ 
ʱ֮Ҳߡһն⡣ʮȡƽж¡顣 
˱աšνסǹĺվܡŽǡ޼¶ʱĺ 
֮аа˸ҲͨڸΡȡ˾ʳ 
⡣ Ϊ̡ľƢΪѪ֢֮档βҶ١档ǿ 
ȡ뷿̫ˡ߹˻ѨϡйǸ𡣣֮Ҫ˹̡߲͡ 
ġ֮νʥȡǿܡ˾ƽءΡ 
˾ۣͨ 
ءΪ档ͬƪơΪߡʢҲΪȡ 
а֮Ϊľľ档ΪƢΪ̡ܡΪ̡ΪǷΪ硣 
Ƿ֮ĳڱǶΪ硣ͨڷҲθΪΪΪ֡ܡҲ߯ʢ 
ܡ־Ϊ֡¿ˮʿ֡СΪйй½ΪˮйΪˮ 
Ϊ񪡣ԼΪ硣ʵա麮硣Ϊŭվŭν岡徫ϲ 
ڷ򱯡ڸǡƢη֡ν岢ಢҲ岡ڹǡ 
ѪѪ⡣̫ڶܵġ 
 
ʤν巢аҡа񡣣ʢ񲡣аԡߡҲΪۼͷΪ 
֮ᡣа֡Ϊ۶֮Ϊೡѭа֮Բת֮ 
а򾲡֮ŭа֡ŭνҡˡѪĿѪӡ 
⡣˹ǡ˽νˡƪ۲ͬ 
ءƲͷˮԻѪԻƲвƲйСƲűƲ 
ʡۣ 
ءЦݡĲΪЦ־Ϊϲ򱯡򴭿β 
Ϣ౾ƪϢѪŭβѪ־Ϊŭ֡͡ƢΡ 
Ѳˮ֫áƢ֫֫á־й־Ϊθ֮ء 
ͻкʡۡ˥¡Ϊʡ˥¡ΪʡԻʵ֮Ρ֪ 
ԻѪԲ㡣ѪΪΪѪھѪӡһʵһ顣롣 
ѪΪѪΪССѪϡ¡ķŭע 
ﵱ ΪơѪ¡ϡҶۡ㡣ࡣθʵķ顣 
Ӫ¡֮ʱϡѪߡϲ¶񺮡ɬȥ֮ǹ֮Ϊ 
Ѫ顣Ѫ֮Ϊ顣ΪʵΪ顣ѪѪѪʧ 
Ϊɡ֮ھѪΪʵɡѪ֮ϡΪʡ²㡣ʲ϶ 
档а֮Ҳߡ֮ꡣ 
ܡߡ֮ʳӴϲŭܡ֮ҲȿƤ 
ڴƤԻٲ֮ʼҲƤëа֮ע 
ھอҲѪаڷ֮䡣󡣹Իʵʵߡɰ֮ 
֮ʹʪ֮ҲƤաȫԪԻҲ̫޲֡ѪȥԻ顣 
١Ż㡣֮֮ʿȻʹƪ 
顿꺮ȡ֮ааܶˡȻ꼲ߡ顣аܶˡ 
а֮硣а˷ʵ֮硣ʵˡɱΡʵ֮𡣣 
á˿ΡʵꡣᡣаҲʱΡʵ˳ɡжᡣ 
Ϊа֮ĳΪĳ⡣ΪԱע֮ΪԺ 
֮ڱڰΪʲб֮졣ǹа֮ҲʼƤڱƤ 
аë롣ëëȻòƤʹȥ 
֮ʱʹڼ⡣ʹ֮ʱϢ˴аȥھھ֮ʱϲ 
񺮡ƾȥ䡣֮Ѩ֮ʱͨ֫а֫ʹǿ 
ȥڷ֮¶ƪűԻ뼹ڡעڷ֮֮עν֮䡣֮ 
ҲԪ塣ν֮Ҳʹȥڳθа븮ڣ츹͡ 
ຮйʳ硣硣ȥڳθ֮⡣Ĥԭ֮䡣ƤĤ⡣ 
ȥϢɻаʤۡӲڡȡˡˣ֮硣Ѫ硣 
ѪѪѪŮСˣ֮硣Ѫ硣ѪѪѪθ֮ˡѪ 
⡣к֭ĭѪಫ򲢺۲ɢӡٲʼ 
ءߡٲ֮Ҳ纮ˡʹ˺ëֱƤնΪȡ֮ʱɺҲԲʹ 
纮סʹ֮ʱټĴ̶ȥ֮ҩ١ġķΡڷΡ 
Իαԡ֮ԡΡμ֮ΡľԻαԡһԻʡעͨ 
ŭ档ʡвʹʳ档ʳ뷴֮ʱɰĦ̶Ρδ֮Ƣ 
ľ 
ԻƢ硣ľʢ硣עȡĳơɫơ֮ʱɰҩԡ 
ΡƢ֮ˮԻٸԩȶʹסɫס֮ࡣһԻơʴ 
֮ʱɰҩΡ֮ġˮ˻𡣣Ի󢡣졣ԻΪ ˮ 
ѪٽҲ֮ʱɾĿҩΡʮա֮ġļ֮Ρ 
ٴֿ˽𡣣ȡ϶׸޸ܡǷ˲֮ҲȻ䷢ߡ 
ڴ䱩֮ظݴΡ䴫вԴߡǿֱϲŭΡ־֮ʱ޳ 
дӡ纮ΪС־Ϊˡʲءϲ顣ӡϲΪ־֮ŭ 
ӡγƢӡγ˸ΡƢӡƢӡĳ˷ΡҲ 
 
˲ۣ֮ 
顿а֮Ҳгڸھ 
̫̫ڼ߱вߡ侭֡ߡ 
ӱ ʼ־ֱۡ㾭 ˹Ի֮ڷҲضࡣаʵа 
ݡʻ֮ڸ︭ǿ־ġκ˷ΡСˡ 
Сκ⡣ڡʿơ亮ʳθκκںаͬΩ֪κΪ 
˺֪Ϊ˺Ϊ֢Ҳߡ޷¡ÿ˺Ҳ䡣˺ 
ߡ֢ΡñָΪ֢ҲҽȼͶ֮ɱ˶ӡؽҳԸˡС 
зͷʹ֢׹Ѫڡŭ϶¡в˸ΡβѪвΪξ֡Ѫ 
в͡뷿硣Ƣء뷿ȡԡˮԸ֮ 
Իθ档Ѫƪִָ¡㡣ʡѨ̫ 
ξ̫֮ѪδǺβ֮ϡߡ֮ݻθҲ 
󳦲ߡʹ媡ˮ༤ʱƪԻгϳشаڴ󳦡ظں 
йʹ󳦲λꡣܾθͬ򡣣θϥơʲܾθͬ𡣣 
θߡ ͡θ䵱Ķʹ֧֫ввΪβľʲͨʳ¡ʱƪԻ 
ͨаθ䡣ֶȥ֮ɢȥ֮СߡСʹغʹʱƪԻС 
غϵڼηΡϵʢ档ϳ峦θѬΡɢꡣغޡҲǰȡ 
ϼաСʻȻ򺮡ƼΡϡߡСȼᡣС 
İС㡣Ϊ֮١ˮɡƪԻ̫֮סԼ 
½ʵ񪡣硣ˮΪ͡Ϊˮס͡ײߡСƫ׶ʹְ֮ 
СáС㡣ȡѭ粲ߡ̫Ϣľ档ڿࡣŻ֭ʱƪԻҺ 
йڿࡣθŻࡣ壡˽֮顣 Ȼ𡣣١Żϲ 
Ż֮ࡣаҲаอΣ 
顿ͨڱǡκ֪ӡͨࡣΪ硣ĺ֪ζӡͨĿκ 
ĿܱɫӡƢͨڿڡƢ֪ӡ֡Ϊһϡͨڶӡ 
͡ϲͨһ˾һϡ͡ΪӸаڸ֮͡ 
ѪҲ֮ʢӡ̫ʢѪ֮Ѫ֮ʢӡ̫ʢ 
ҲԻءעءڡ̫ʢҲԻ񡣣עó⡣ 
ʢ١Իظ񡣹ظߡþڶҲעԻѾʮѡʢΪʢΪء 
ºԻ塣ָΪ֢֮Ҳظ֡⡣һѾߵҲ 
Ҫ΢ۡӦԻظԹظ֮ӡپƽƪ΢ߡΪظͨ 
Իɬ档ˮȲɬʳ롣ԻظپԹظΪ֢֮塣ھ 
پδϸҲѾԻ֮ǰߡ֮ҲΪ硣Ϊڸ񡣴֮ҲԺߡ 
֮ҲΪΪڹ񡣴֮Ҳ縲ԹظԲҲϼѾپ 
ԫϪΪǡָظΪ塣ಢھԻΪ롣ΪóΪһӡ 
ѷҲȣ 
ءʵʵ顣䳣Ҳ߲ʢʢ顣䳣Ҳ߲ʵѪʵ 
Ѫ顣䳣Ҳ߲ζȡνҲȱʢνҲ䡣١ν 
ҲȲࡣνҲʢѪ١νҲѪࡣνҲʢ֮˺ָ֡ 
֮ԡν庮ҲԻ֮ںҲΪȡȡ֮ߡ 
֮ѪʪҲѪʢθʪˡ١ٶߡаθ 
Ҳаθʳ١аڷࡣνҲСѪߡҲע̵ߡСߡ 
Ѫضࡣؽ̵֡Ω˴̵֡ѪߡзˮҲз 
ˮѪ޽ʵҲҲаʵ顣ʵҲߺҲаʢȡ 
ʺ־ۣ 
ءβߡвʹСвߡСŭʵŭĿ  ġ 
šѪ顣ƿ֡˽֮겻ָ鵨顣ͷʹ붽ۡϡ 
뵨Сס¼Ĳߡʹв֧вʹı 
ѭسвߣҲףͬʹʹѭڡСѭۡƼνϡظ 
вʹС֧ѭسвСʽʹƢߡء 
ƼƢ⡣ءһ㲻ա󢡣ʹƢ֫㡣 
 
ơ㡣Ϊ֮Ϊ֮йʳβߡ米ʹƤëϡ 
ʹ米ϥ ơǡ ʹΪĸĸа¡²ʹ 
ܱϢɸɡССѭ󡣹ʶɸɡ 
ߡסѭ ȣСءء޺硣 
޶̡硣ʹעССʹʡ档ⲻ֡档 
ʱƪ 
ءͷʹۼʵ顣аʵ 
ϡ鲻о֮Сͷʹۼ顣аӡ ȡ ɡĿ  
ҲȡҲע Ҳע Ϊ δȷĿڤʵ顣 
Ŀ СĿΪϡĿϵε¶ʵĿ϶Ѫ顣ڤΡ 
аࡣ ֧͡ ввΪ ֧ вð䡣ϻð̫Ƣ 
θƢ븹θѭʣ档С̫ 
󳦡ΡַķͷʹС־СС 
֧ѭϼաСۣ 
ء֮ƢвŮӲ¡θҲί֮ҲѪ 
ƢͳѪθΪˮ֮Ϊ֮١Ѫ֮ҲƢ֮Ѫ˥١Ϊ²ŮΪ 
²ҲԻǰߡڽ̫֮֮ۡҲԻڽ֮ᡣΪ֮θ 
˥Ҳ䴫Ϊ䴫ΪϢߡΡƢѡľ֮ʼĲѡа˷Ρ 
ϢȡΪȡΪӸסΪ KT ̫С̫Ҳ ơҲKT 
 
ԨʹҲˮС𻯡ʷȡᡣΪΪӸʤʤʡʡΪʹ 
䴫Ϊ󡣣СҺݶɫ䴫Ϊ ޡаΡ֢СסΪ ޡһ 
ƿйһҲ׳ʳа˷Ρʿȡ 
ˡйҲ䴫Ϊĳ䴫Ϊаġʳʢʳ뻹ʸһʹ 
ǷԻʡθҲһİҲౡʾľ뱳档Ʊʹδꡣ 
Ϊ档ġ档ǷľθʡһҲ 
һҲ㲡ˮ𲻽㲡²ͨҲΪ 
ƫס֫١СסƢҲСҺƢ֫ľ 
Ȼν֮θȽᡣƼνΪҲν֮СҺ 
Ƚᡣʸ㡣һ֢ʳ¡ν֮ˮβ½֮ʹˮĲƢʧӪְ֮ 
ƷͣΪˮһһν֮ԡεİѭЮʡʺԡ 
ν֮ӡָߴԡ֡ڴڡбҲ顣 ߴ顣ֹ 
ν֮Ϊνܱ֮֮ѪСۣ 
顿θȡƼƤȡ硣Ƥθк͡к 
йθкȡͶкθȳк򼲼θȡСʹ͡ʦ 
ء̫νס ʹߡ Ҳ̫Ҳ̫ΪΪϡ 
ʢδԴҲ ʹҲƫΪߡ㲻ġ⡣Ҳвߡ 
ƫΪҲνǿϣͷǿߡ̫϶ǿҲνߡʢ϶ԾҲ̫ 
С顣νۼߡͷʹϡ¡ʵҲƽȡ 
񾡳ϡʵۿʹ֮νΪߡҲϽǡνΪ 
ߡ̫Ϊаೲԡʢ˥ҲĶ¡鲻ԡڶʡ 
ΪٽٽҲڶᡣҲ档֫աЮ౾ೡҲ 
Ҳ֮о֮ʡνвʹߡѭвʢҲ 
ʢ֮ҲΪášʢвʹҲĹ硣ʢʹ 
νɷߡҲ򲻶ҲνߡҲʢ֮Ҳһ 
ʢ֮Ҳν׶ɲߡ˥¡һϡʼҲθ¹ءַ 
áϥѭơνϴΪˮߡ¶ϡаอ䡣ΪˮҲһƷΡνаڷΡ 
ͨˮаһƢνƢΪθҺаθҲˡϴνʹߡˮอ 
ҲˮҲСʹҲʡһΡƪͬ󡣣̫ν 
ߡ̫ҲʮһԲСԻ͡νΪߡʢҲ档 
ȡ̫֮ϳġΪ档˵档ƪνʳŻߡʢҲʮһ 
˥ҳԻúȻ˥Ҳ󡣴㡣˥˥ҲΪɢΪͨ 
νʹߡҲΪʮ˹ҲνŻߡ¡ϡ 
ݴҲΡʮǱءϸŻ֢֮νɫɫУơɫɫ󡣣 
ܾĿ ߡδҲνŭߡΡó 
ζδáŭԻʡΡˮľľ档ʼ巳ŭν˽֮ߡ 
롣ౡʿҲΪ־֮νʳҲߡθҲ 
θθܡνɫߡڶᡣʱɫҲˮνѪߡҲ 
δʢ϶ȡѪڱҲδʢϹСʿȡΪϡʳѪ 
ν ޡٸߡС߳Ҳ֮айҲаС 
νɸߡౡȡɸҲһౡѭƪ 
ء֮ӹĲΪľҲθҲθҲľߡ 
ľҲ⡣ѪʢѪа֮ȡ򴭣θ˷Ρ 
ܰˡ򴭶򴭶ߡҲаǳа¶ 
ߡǸ߶衣ʳաԫݡ֮ԷҲߡҲ֫ߡ֮Ҳʢ 
֫ʵʵܵǸҲʢҲʢʹ衣ʳҲƪ 
ءƢ֫úҲ Ϊá֫θθΪˮ֮Ƣ˵ 
ҲƢˮȾ֫˵ܡע֮֫ҲƢΪθҺ֫ˮ 
˥Ǽ⡣ʲɡƢʱҲƢҲ롣ʱࡣ 
ʮռΡöʱҲļ֮¡ʮաƢߡššθ֮Ҳ 
ءͷ㡣ʱҲСΡƢθĤΪ֮ΪθҺҲ̫ 
ҲΪһΪƢΪθƢɡ̫Ϊ֮ƢΪθҲ̫ 
Ҳ߱ҲΪƢ֮֮ҲΪ֮θΪƢҲ̫Ҳอ 
侭ƢθΪθҺ֫ˮ˥Ǽ⡣ 
ǡƢ⡣ʲɡ̫ۣ 
ءˮҲʢˮҲ̫Ҳ߶Ҳ䱾ĩڷΡԻˮҲ 
Ϊĸ֮ࡣˮˮʶܻˮС档ˮͷжΪαꡣ 
ܾˮθ֮ҲǰˮȡŲʾˮҲΪܻ֮ 
رնˮΪˮӶ֮ҲƤΪ סҲߡ 
ˮҺҲԻ¶ڷ硣ڲอⲻԽƤ 
ƤΪ סԻˮעˮáˮˮؼҩм͡ס͡ 
˲ͬνߡգͬҲˮΪ ״󸹡Ϊߡ걾㲡αꡣʷ 
ΪΪˮסΪ治ԡˮ档ˮѨۣ 
ءƺƢں֮Ƣʤ󡣣ӸΪȶӸסƢ˶ 
ƢƺڸΡʤӸ׽ΡѪΪӸסƺġ 
СΪˮȡʿ񡣺СʸͨƺڷΡʤߡһѶ 
ΡΪĻ𡣷βнһѶδпߡӸ׿ 
֢֮ȡľƺȽ⡣һΡע֢ѵ͡ȻԺ䲻һʵ 
ơνƺ֮֡ܲʼԡȽᡣ֢кӸ׼кȻ߶ࡣ۷ 
ñȽ⡣ʼͨӿˮʼվҲƺΪӿˮӿˮߡ 
ᡣˮڴ󳦡ҹˮ֮ҲˮΪ֮Ϊˮࡣαꡣ 
ʾˮΪƢڸΡʤΪβѪ붽ۡѪ硣Զڱǡ 
ģΪаҡľܡڷΡ 
ʤΪƺͬΪδһѶ֮Ի֢СΪ 
Ϊ ǽȡ費ʹǿΪ ΪҲƢʤΪ鳦 
ˮƢ顣ڰסơѪߡ֮ҡ 
աԻ½ѪС㡣Ϊ硣ϿССѭ 
Ƚ²ñ㡣϶ΪڴСڴ󳦡Ϊ ΪѪΪ⡣һ֮ 
󡣣θʳݡν֮ʳࡣʳݡ֮ࡣθڵԻʳࡣԡ ɽ 
Ϊ  ԨԨߡ²ֹҲ⾫΢ۡΪ顣ΪѪѪĿĿ 
衣ʵ֮ҲΪȻۣ 
顿ͷʹͷʹԾʹ㺮ڡΡͷ뺮ʹȡȡԴ̷ 
ƫͷʹͷҲʹ뱳ء  ӺġߡʹҲ 
ʹθʹҲʹ׶ġʹߡƢʹҲɫԲ״ղ̫ϢʹҲͽӡ 
ʹ䶯ʹɫ䡣ʹҲʹ壨ҲһࡣڡʹϦϦ 
аʲ 
ءӭԻˮˮڷΡʾϹĶȡĿ۰Ƣ΢סԲ 
֮״ԻˮȲۡˮҲĿҲߡ֮ӡˮڸߡĿ±ҲƳࡣߡ 
 
ԡƵʳ缢ߡθ㡣㡣Ի硣Ϊ֮ᡣ֮סרˮҲ 
ԻˮĿԻƵʪƽۣ 
ءǳҲǳҲΪ֮ȶߺҲٶʤҲºҲзкҲ 
ߺΡ˶Ҳͨࡣˮг֫ȡ纮ߺҲ 
ߡʢ֫Ҳá١ˮʢ𡣶ΡߡҲʤ 
ֹΪߡ˵˸Ҳȡ˸⡣ 
ȡŨ²¡ȻΪβߡʤˮΪ¡ʢ̫͡ס˥֬ݲ 
һˮʤˮҲڹǡ費ʺҲԲܶߡһҲĶҲ 
 
ľΪ𡣣Ҳһˮʤ𡣹ʲܶԻǱԡΪ⺮ΪǱԡ˵νҲ 
νڡ֮ߡľʡпҲʵҲʵΪƫʤ̲ 
ʡ֪ʹá㲻áҲáҲ־С 
ԻԶϢߡ֮ҲСͷ㡣СϢҲ 
θҲθ֮С档ôʲҲ¾ԻθԲ֮νҲ 
ʶϢߡ˷֮Ҳ˾澭¡С治ڱ𾭡 
֮Ҳ΢ʶϢҲ򲻵ԡԶߡˮ֮ҲˮߡѭҺҲˮࡣ 
Һ봭ҲСҹȻʼԡۣ 
顿ĿԳߡʹȻԻθҲɽҺΪСΪһ 
СںԹкɡӪߡҺע֮ΪѪĩ 
עӦɡСΪһӦ©ˮٿ̡ߡ亷֮ ĩ 
Ƥ֮䡣ҲΪһҹ֮֡Ҳʼ 
а档⡣ʢʢ 
ݡ֮ĿۡʢʢǡԻ 
ʢʢĿҲ֮κΡ԰һͨǧﳤ 
ˮ顣ȡһϡΪ롣һС档֪Ϊȡԡӡ 
ܺθͨΪáӡаͣ 
ءвߡȡ꼲Ϊ˥Բʳעֱ֮ע 
Һ֮ȲӺ⡣ְ֮Ӫ˴ۡߴ練Ҳ 
ҲԺߡڹȡھаڹ⡣úߡаȴʤҲʤʳ 
ȡߡаҲ߾Ҳ񺹳ߡаʤҲʳߡҲСߡ 
аˡٿҲҷԻʢȲۡȲѵúʢ 
֮ҲúȲʢꡣúߡ֮Ҳʢú뺹 
Ӧ˲ʤ䲡Ҳаʢ˥ʧ־־˥ʧ־ʧ־ȡ꼲 
ԲʳһҲвȺΪ⡣Ϊβ߷Ҳаδˡ 
ҲԻʡ̫аΪҲϴ֮֮Ҳ 
̫аа֮̫ϡͷ編ڷ¡áͷ硣 
Ρܷаڷ¡ʹǿڤӡͷǿñĿٳ顣Ϊ١Ϊ顣޹ΡȻ 
񺮡ڷ⡣ڷȡ񺮡ȳ顣״ŧ絯衣ᡣӿ 
г˷Ρ˷Ҳвߡ Ȼͷ  ȻסպԡѭЮ౾ 
ɴ̲Ի鲻̶̡̡ʱȡرͷȡڸɿʡСơ 
ĿסС²ʳȡȡԻˮа֮ա顣 
ߡش֮顣̫֮ȴ֮ʱȡҲСߡٸҲа֮ 
ߡθвҲθ͡ԲȷҲˮڷΡˮѨۡ 
ĩڷΡʾۡԷԩߡ֮Ҳˮߡ΢ȼĿҲˮҲĿҲ 
֮ӡΪΪˮڸߡʹĿҲ档ʿڿɡԲȡȡˮҲ 
ˮߡʲԡ򾪡ҲߡθҲƢ򷳡ʳʳߡθҲ 
ߡθҲߡȻθڽڽǶҲ²ߡҲ 
ġڰСϱƷΡҲͨѪ²ҲȲۣ 
ءвĸʳĺʳΪ͡ġ֮͡Լʸһ֪ҩ֪ 
ѡ䷽ɼʸ߰˺ϡ㡣޻Ҿ롣һ롣֭ʱкˮΡ 
վ潥ơһΡϥϡӡ׸ԻĺӪѪʸӪ 
Ѫɱ档˵޷Ρǰʸ֮ߡҲơ֮ܲӪ 
в֧ߡʳȡҲҺ顣顣Ѫ 
顣֫塣ҲƢ顣ĿѣѪ㡣ʱʱǰѪѪѪݡ˵֮ʱѪ 
뷿С߸ˡ˥ٲҲղء˾йɫ޽ڡΪѪ˥١ŮΪ²Ҳ 
ٸʢҽиԻ˲֮עơĻͬҪ΢ۡٸ 
ΡΪޡ˲ͬŧѪӳθ֮⡣֡Ρ֮ÿа֮ǰ 
ŧѪθ̫ʹθӸԱдŧѪڳθ֮Ҳ 
òҲΡΪ档ΪӡؽᡣȥԶ̿ɽ¹ סʹ 
עνΪ֮ЮС¹ 侭˷Ҳڴ󳦡 
֮ԭ¡ʻʹҲǻпҴ֮ԭڲ һһԻ¡ 
֮֮Ϊˮɬ֮֮Զҩ֮Ҳʩɢ֮˶没ۣͬ 
ءѡ¶ೡҲ̥˰֮ҲΪ̥ 
ߡϵ֮ϵ౾ʲԡҲʮ¸ʮ·䡣ͨвͷʹ 
ѡ˵󺮡衣ΪΪ躣棨档ͷʹʹΪࡣ 
Ի档вڸߡ֮Ҳζ֮ԻƢҲζڲθƢΪ֮侫 
ҺƢ˿ڸҲƢζΪʡ˷֮Ҳ˱ʳҲȡ 
硣תΪʡʲ֮ݡҲ֮вڿߡԻȡ 
ߡ֮ҲȡڵΪ֮ʹЮʡѭߡıǲʵ顣ıǡ 
ϡʲ磨档Ϊ֮ࡣ׸޸ĵꡣǷͨ硣֮塣ߡһ 
ʮѡ˲Ҳ̿ͷӭʢԻӭߡθҲϢ档Ҳ̫΢ϸ 
緢ߡ˲Ҳ̫ڡ̫΢ϸ㡣벡෴Ҳʢθ 
ӭʢ̿߸νʢҲڷΡϢ档ƫڷΡԻʡΡν 
ࡣ̿߸ӭʢϢ档Ҳ΢ࡣڵö㡣 
ӡк顣ʢвۼߡ˵֮ĸʱĸ󾪡϶¡ 
ӡӷΪۼҲעͷ֮ɾ۵񲡣۶֪ǺβҲ没ۣ 
ء˲θӸߡθϸ档ҹѪϸӭʢʢȡ 
θϸӭʢνʢҲӭߡθҲעӭѨθ 
ʢȾθڶСθΪӸҲ֮ߺҲ֮Ҳƪ֮ 
Ӧ߷Ρߡ֮Ҳʢ򲻵ԡλʢ򴭴ٱȡвŭߡҲ 
֮κΡʳѡʳʶʳѡۣ 
顿ٲ֮ʼҲڷ꺮ϲŭʳӴ֡Ѫ롣ɢʾ 
ͨ档աѪΡʧ䳣֮ǷߡǷʹȻ 
ҹҹҹԡϡ¡¡δҹ֮ࡣδϡ 
ϡ¡ǷʢĿʢӡ֮ߡʹȻ 
˵ 
ԻܡҲν档ԫΪŻ֮ߡ˻֮ʱȫƪԻߡܡ 
ԡŻӡŷ֡档߯θθעڷΡйʺ¹㻹 
θ¹ҡа๥档θΪܡʵ顣кȡԭֲͬ 
һ˶Ż¡ಡҪ֢һּ֮ա֮ߡʹȻȡ 
֮ͨθ档ɢθΪ档ԻΪ档ġʢ 
档֮ߡʹȻġڱǡΪ硣ΪϡΡ֮ͨ 
ߡʹȻ֮ҲĿ֮ҲĿ֮ۡҺ֮ҲҺ֮· 
ڱߡ֮ŻҲʱĶĶҡҡСҺɡҺ 
ྫ妿գסҲҺֹ֮ҺߡҺ򾫲ࡣĿӡԻᾫ 
顣⾫΢̫֮ۡϢߡʹȻ˼ϵԼԼ̫Ϣ֮֮ 
ߡʹȻʳߡθθ涯涯θθȪ¡Ȫ౾Ѩά 
֮ᡣ౾ԡȪĭƳ涯δá֮ߡʹȻ 
֮Ҳ鲻ءڴˡҹ֮ʱٽԲ¡Ωۡ 
ҲĸСһѪߡ֮򾪶ʱδͨ϶ʮԲ 
ͨضԡʮ˳֮Ҳӡθп顣ߡ 
ʶ㡣Ϊ֮֮塣֮ߡʹȻϡ档ʹȻҲʹ 
ȻһࡣΪ֮ϡա¼աӼճ 
ӡЮڡθа֮ڽΪ㡣㡣Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ 
ͷΪ֮㡣ĿΪ֮ѣ㡣ѱΪ֮䡣ھž֮ġƳѰѱ䡣ˮ 
ҺǡȡΪ֮㡣Ϊ ֻ㡣 Ҳʣ 
顿֮ߡʹȻ㡣ࡣθʵķ顣Ӫ¡֮ʱϡ 
ҲʵƪѪ¡ϡҶ֮ƼʳߡʹȻʳƢ 
θθȡƼθϡθ亮ʲʳҲȡȡ亮ʲʳ 
 
ۣ 
顿֮Ȼߡε֮Իʺߡˮ֮Ҳʳںͨθߡ֮ 
ҲǰͨڷΡߡ֮Ҳ֮Ρʳʹڴߡ֮ 
Ҳߡ֮ҲӺߡ ֮ҲߡҲҲ֮йҲߡδ 
ꡣʹҲ֮Ƕߡ򪲻ʧҲ֡ǹС 
俪סŨѡ١ҲȻߡᡣ᲻ܷ 
¡俪ز¡ۣ 
ءޡΪΪޡٸҲΪĵࡣԡ֮ 
ҲСΪ֮ʹԻٸҲľаಡڸθκ硣θʵ͡й 
ɶνΪȡͨۡ¶硣ȡΪСаθʳʳΪۼ 
顣ϡ۶ѣˡȻ͡÷ΪйηθʳйΪݡ񮡣 
ΪѪܷаáѪΪ񮡣֮仯ʤشˡӸ׽ιʹ˺֮ס˷ 
֮ҲԷ纮ΪŹ˷ƪϷ硣ġϷı硣 
Ƣڼշ硣ڷΡƤ۷硣С 
̫ӱշ硣ڹǡ米֮Ӷ׷硣ڴ 
вҸ¼֫ڡӶӤ硣ڸΡڽŦӶϷ硣 
θڼ⡣Ҫ΢ۣ 
顿̫֮֮ĿΪ  ӡƪơ֮ϾЮڡȱ輰 
աƧĿϡݡĿƿڡ̫֮Ŀ ӦʹĿ 
˵ӡƪ 
顿ߡ䲡ڽΡߡ䲡ڹǡǱԡʼ 
顿а顣ԺԻԺࡣа⡣֮и֮׵Ѩ 
Ҹ֮Ȫ֮ٺѨаҸвߡҸŵѨ˶֡Ƣа 
¡Ƣϥǰƪѭɡ¡а ϥ  
˰ߡԻ֮ҡ֮Ѫ֮ΡаѪ̲סס˾硣ǽڻز 
졣ʲҲаͣ 
顿Ŀʹߡ̫ߡгƪ̫ΪĿΪĿ 
ߡĿ ͫ ֮֡ӤͷëߡѪ妡ľ 
֦ҶȿҲ۲ߣ 
ءʢˮ־塣ʢδơʢɱˡʢηɡʢ 
顣롣ȡʳ߶ࡣ̱㼱Ҳ֮ࡣμСҲ 
ʢŭʢοޡ־Ϊŭ־Ϊ˽ԲҲֹΡΪΪδ֮䡣֮Ρ 
ΪҲаƪͬƪһΡ޵ɾ֮ʢ˥ۡ˵һΡ¼ 
Ҫ΢ۣ 
顿岿һθѨϥ⡣һԻϥߴ硣Ҹָࡣ 
״ Ҳǡһ ̫׾жн԰׾֮ ġ 
Ƣᡣ԰׾Ѩʮͨ塣ල̫岿Ӹ 
пΡߡҲȲ 
顿ߡอ֮⡣อвƤӪѭ档Ϊ͡ѭ֡Ϊ͡ 
עӪԾרСΪ͡ΩСѭ⡣Ϊͷ͡ߡĶԲ 
ߡȡߡвʹСƢߡܡ֫ زʤ¡Բߡ 
ȻʹθߡθʹŽΪҲʳѡߡʹ 
媡ظںйСߡٸ ͡ʹߡٸ񪡣ܡߡ 
ƤСȻᡣߡвʹ͡пࡣ̫Ϣۣ 
顿ˮ͹ͳʯʯˮԱ֮ԻˮʼҲĿ΢ס֮״侱ʱȡ 
亮ס˴ˮѳӡְ丹ֶˮ֮״ҲҺԻͨ 
ĺкҺˮȲڳθ֮Сڻس½ס½͡ˮΪˮ͡ 
ߡƤ֮䡣 ȻᡣסƤŨ丹 𡣸ɫ䡣Ҳͺ硣 
Դ󡣴͵ҲɫԻơ𡣴ҲԸ졣硣ڳ⡣ 
ӪϵšϢʼҲ缦ѡɡ绳֮״ 
ꡣꡣ֮ᡣ֮ơʱ¡ͳ⡣Ϊʱ¡ʯڰС 
šűͨѪкк ֹ ߡѪҲ״绳ӡ²ʱ¡ 
 
ڰСΪѪ²¡Ůӡɵ¡ʯˮġˮͣ 
ءȲߡ˺֮Ҳ¸з纮ߡΪ˺򺮶ڡΪ²ıΪ 
ȲȻʼ˺֮Ի˺֮ࡣ֮䡣ʮߺҲԻߡ 
֮Ҳ̫Ϊ֮ڷ縮ΪҲ縮ѨԺ󡣶ܶ 
֮ںҲΪȡΪȡΪڱΪ֢ںߡز 
һһһһ㲡˺һվ̫֮˺ɱö² 
ڴߡͷʹǿ̫Ю֮Ϊ֮ 
⡣Юǡ ѭ⡣ĿƪϵĿϵĿʹǸɡʸɡҲ 
θθԲ֮Ϊѭвڶвʹ 
硣䲡δߡʿɺѡа֮˺˲ַࡣ 
Ҳעࡣν֮ء̫֮а̫θСɡʸɸɡ 
֮ڷΡϵ౾ʿɶʡаΪ֢֮ 
ѭڸΡʷྭƪѭɡں롣 
ͦݲա֢úҩȻкߡĴٵȷ֮ȡ 
ڽڽΪٶΪȼ˴кɲ֪ 
ܲС಻ͨӡھ˺㾭־پ˺֮˺㲻 
֮˵پ־㡣ҩδ־Ҳƹ֦Էξҩ׻֮ҩ 
кǰкӡݴԻ̫ˮˮú̫ú塣ľ 
ľú򡣹ʺϲ֮𡣻úҡúաʺˡ졣֮һ 
Ӻζ֮Իӽ½ضϡһܲһ޸ɡʧѪ˲Ϣּ֮ӡھơ 
ܲνɺơ֮˺ΪȡԻȡˮľ֮˵н 
˸֮ӡ־ܲҽ⡣䲻ںߡվ˥ͷʹ֮塣 
עԻٴ֮˵ƪ˺ۡԭ޴塣˳޼ע֮Ҳ̫뻧 
ӡ̫֮֮֮ƪ˥ν֮аδ˥ɡϷ 
̫Ҳ˥˥΢šʮ̫˥ʡ˼ʳʮһ 
˥ֹѶ硣Ϊʮ˥ݡٸ΢¡ȥӡ֮ 
ͨ˥ӡδߡɺѡߡйѡԱ֮Ҳ˺ѭߡ 
Խߡбﴫߡдֹߡʼֹһߡа˾նڱжռѴв 
ֱߡɺйִ֢ࡣעչࡣб֢˷١ 
֢ϸ֮ȲʱߡаҲǿʳ֮Ҳߡ 
˥ءδౡϡҲƢθȡʳ 
򸴡ڹȡʲʳšҲںߡһ㲡ͷʹڸɶ 
̫㲡Ȳʳԡ㲡ʡˮ롣֪ˡ 
ˡͨС֮ҲԻߡʮ֮ҲѪʢѪ 
ʲ֪ˡ˾ӡθ˺ߡΪ¡Ϊ 
뺹Գֹۣ 
ء űڷ硣ע Ҳơ˾ űűշԶ Ҳ 
ʱߺҲԻű֮ʼҲںëǷëǷΪ򥡣ʹȥ 
ȡͷʹơ䶳ϡʹȻԻ½ʵҲߡм¡ 
ߡмϡ⺮ʢںʢȡȡн֮ʵ 
顣顣Ҳθѭóӭѭճ顣ͷʹ̫űа 
ƪ̫Ի顣̫ΪΪءΪҲ˵ 
̫ˮΪǰΪ֮аСˮ򺮡ǰҲ顣 
ʤʤǺʹǡʹڡԺ⺮ںʢȡ 
ȡڽȡȼ򸴲֮ʵ顣ڽȡ򴭶ʡʴ˽ʿʡ 
䶳Ҳ˽Ե֮аʢƤ֮ڡθ֮⡣Ӫ֮Ҳ֮ڡ֮⡣Ӫ 
֮ӡӪӦˣָ˺գס衣硣а 
֮ԡˮʪаƤ֮ڡӡаҹ 
ڱȡڱʺౡűаӰౡ 
һһа֮ڱаšóԼնҲ  
֮ڴ֮Ϊаˡڷ⡣֮򲻷аڷ⡣ڴ󾭡а 
ܼݶӡаǳаԶа 
Сʼ̡ߡʹȻԻаڷ縮ѭ¡ΪЮС 
β ǡһһҹڷ縮Ѩ뷢һ硣׵Ǵ׵͡ 
׵β жʮһڡʮĽڡӦʮűһաһڡաһڡҲ̡а 
̡֡ȿڼҲÿڷ縮а롣ԴҲһ 
ڡϻ縮Ҳ١ڷ縮һڡʮ ǡǾʮڼڡϼ 
עڷ֮עν֮䡣֮ҲҾ̫֮Ԫ塣ν֮Ҳ 
֮硣СעСճȱ֮СѨºС 
ߡҲִ֡硣ӡշߡаڱࡣűоűűа 
ࡣļԭҲĤ֮ԭԶг١СýԳʼҲ 
һڡ֮Ҳ縮κΡԻʵͬа򲻵õ縮Ҳаͷߡͷ 
ڱߡߡߡ֮ڡа 
ʷ޳֮ؿа֮ϡ丮Ҳ磨֢֮űҲͬࡣ 
ڡűʱߺҲԻ䴦ʳڡű澭硣ڱӦΪ 
űߡȻشӦΪɱҲ¶ۡƪͬűȺ 
ߺҲڴ亹֮ˮ̫زСƤ֮С 
ڷ硣򲡳ӡߡҲаߡҲаںڷ硣ȺҲ 
ʱԻűȶߺҲڷ硣ںȶҲʱԻű䵫 
ߡȾԩȶŻԻűűߡ֮ڷ硣ڹ֮С 
󷢡аԳ˸йа뺹Գ˲ 
 
ȴڳ֮Ҳ˼֢֮áڴ⡣˺֮ɱҲԻÿ 
޴󺦡䲻ԡ֮ڴӡߡʢʢӡ˥ 
롣顣ӡȶ󺮡Իűűߡȡʢϳ塣ʵ 
й纮Ƥ֮ڡ֮ʢʢ˥ӡа 
ʵȶڲġ˲Ƿ֮ࡣǰƢͬҲڷ 
֮䡣˸ѣһ⡣ԻűʿԻűűڷġű˺Ҳ˺ 
űһ֢űʢ˽߽ԷűҲű֮ʼҲ֮ʱʢ 
ȺҲ漫򸴳֮⡣ʵȶʡעʢθս 
ʢθȡűߡʤʤʤ򺮡ʤȡűߡ纮֮Ҳ 
򸴡ƽˡļ˥Ҳ֮ҲϾߡԺȸϡ 
֮ȡ겻ɵҲʾԻʢʱػ١ʢк֮ػ˥Ҳ±ش֮νҲ 
ű֮δҲδδ֮ðаʹѷΪҲűʱ 
ɷҩҩҩҩȡ䲡űߡظʢ顣֮Ҳȶꡣ 
򺮶 
˥롣ʲݡ򸴲Ҳʱмջշʻ򲻿ʺҲߡа 
ʱʧáҲűʤҲʻʻ򲻿ʡʢʡ 
ʢ򲻿ʡű֮ҷҲ֮ҲشĩʼҲʮָΪ𡣹ʺűƪԻű 
ʮָѪѪѡﲡߺҡԶߺڲءԴ߶硣 
Ĳ߶ູȶҺйűۡ 
ء̫֮űʹͷءӱ𡣣Ⱥȡ ˡȻòֹ 
ѡ֮ű Ȳ Ҳˡľʢθθʢˡ 
Ȼ顣ȶູ֮űȺ⺮ȡȥϲ 
¹˿ȻѪʢ𡣽ϲ֮ߡθҲ̫֮ű˲̫֡Ϣ 
Ƣ˶档ʳຮȡƢ񺮡θȡűν֮ƢŻƢθ 
ЮʡŻ˥֮űŻتΡѭຮȡȶຮ١ˮ˥ջ뻶 
䲡ѡθջ뻶θСΪˮѡ֮űʹٸ 
С㲻״աСҲ㡣־塣㡣ŭ֡ 
㨡ľ档˺㾭־ƪű־űаഫ㲻ֺ㾭 
Ը־ҲƪԸűθθΪ֮űߡĺΪĸǡС 
аʤѡȡƤëȡȼƾľߡ㡣 
аࡣűߡ˷ˮࡣȡ಻ȶˮδꡣ̫ơˮ 
ࡣҲűߡɫԲȻ̫Ϣľ档״ߡ١Ƣűߡ˺Ƣ 
񺮡ʹѺΪűߡȻ⡣ʹΪ 
תѡ㡣Ŀ Ȼˮ㺮顣θűߡ 
ҲƼʳθȹƼƢʲʳʳ֧󡣣ѭűʮָ 
ѪѪѡ̾Ѩʼűƪ 
ء֮˿ȺҲ䶯ΪȡԻ˿ȡǶҲע֮а 
ϹڷζΪҲƤëߡ֮ҲƤëааԴҲ亮ʳθƤëܺΪ˺ 
ͺΪ˺Ω֪˺֪˺Ϊ֢Ҳھ֪ˡӷڷκ 
ζ񺮡κںа֮Ϊοȡʱܲʱ֮ʱҲʱ 
ζȡСε֮Ƣ֮ʪð֮ڷΡȡ纮Ҳ 
עδаȡʿ֮ƪ׷֮˿ȡƪڷζ֮ڷӡʱں 
΢Ϊȡ˷纮ΪᡣΪкΪʹаΪйΪʹڷΡӡ 
а˴֮˴֮֮ļƢ֮˶֮ע 
ȡν򴫼ڷζҲ֮аءΪӡο֮״ȶ 
ϢβѪ١˱ԲĿ֮״ʹٽ繣״ 
׺ԡ֮аʡ˽𡣣ο֮״в¡вߡעΡ򲻿 
תת вƢ֮״вʹƢҡ米ڼ米򲻿Զ 
硣֮״ʹʹΡἹΪѡƢΪѡΪ١ע 
ԫȡý۹СƢƸϸδؾСñ񡣣 
֮ÿȡ 
ƢȲѡθ֮θ֮״ȶŻθŻŻ򳤳οȲѡ֮֮״Ż 
֭οȲѡ֮󳦿״ȶʧʧǡΪ֮١ʧĿȲѡС 
֮С״ȶʧȾʧ±ƨȲѡ֮׿״ȶ硣ÿȲ 
ѡ֮״ȶʳжѭθڡ˽ԾθθΪ֮ڷΡ 
ʿȱڷҲ˷纮ΪᡣԷƤëڱҲ纮˾縭 
ࡣڷΡ򲻿ȡء˺˺֮Ҳоò˷ΡΪ̵Ѫ˻ߡ 
ô֮ȡ֢Ҳʹ˶١Աض١渡Ҳʿȶסעԫ 
ȡθ÷衣û˼Ӱóʯ֬һֹˮСҩʲ 
߸ʲǮ칦ɢۣ 
ءʹۡʹߡٷʹΪҲ׸޸ʹۡʹߡֺ˵ɡвֹ 
ܲݡ뾭١ɬСѪ١ͨȻʹʹȻֹߡ 
ʹߡʹɰߡ֮ʹֹߡ֮ߡ򴭶Ӧߡ뱳ʹߡв 
ʹߡʹߡʹɻߡȻʹ֪ˡټ临ߡʹŻߡʹй 
ߡʹղͨߡ顣穼꺮򼱡穼С硣Ȼʹ 
ʹֹҲѪСаɢںʹӡھ֮Сౡ 
ʹɰҲϡ󡣶ѪҡʹɰҲڳθ֮䡣Ĥԭ 
֮¡֮Ĥ֮ԭѪɢѪС缱ʹ֮Ѫɢʰ֮ʹֹЮ֮ 
ܼ֮ʰ֮ҲڳڹԪѨ硣䱾¡Ԫϡ 
渹ֱϡʺ֮ͨͨʴӦӡС֮֮ 
ʴӦ֡ڱ֮֮ᡣѪ顣ѪʹעġѪ 
׾֮ᡣ׾ͨอʹ֮ʹֹӡ 
֮֮ϵڸΡѪвСʹӡвߡС 
ɡѭϼٸѪʸʹɡСĤԭ֮䡣Ѫ֮СѪ 
עڴ󾭡ѪСɻӡ˼֮СҲࡣйŻ¡ 
ߡδ롣Ȼʹ֪ˡӡڳθϳʹŻҲΪŻθ 
ŻߡССóɾۡʺйʹӡСΪʢ֮١֮ʲܳɾۡ󳦶йҲ 
СʹȽʡɲó˽򡣣ʹղͨӡͨʹʹͨɫ 
ƳΪȡΪΪʹٲҲŭϡϲ¡աй 
ҡġ˼ᡣͬβ֮Իŭ档ŻѪѪйľʢ 
Ϊйӡϲ־ͨӡͻϵβҶ١Ҷϵ 
ž١ϽͨɢϽòɢСӡȴ 
ʾȴˡȴϽա½͡СΪ͡ӡУС 
СաСӡעνҺй֮ν֮С˺ 
վܡκߡ÷ɢ֮ͨййӡС顣 
ӡϢڽԽԽ䳣ȡӡ˼档顣С 
ӡ־֮ɡʹ 
ء֮ҲΪȡΪСΪСΪݣ񮡣硣ΪƫݡΪҲ硣䲡 
졣ͬԸ˵ԻƤ֮䡣ڲͨⲻй˷аڱ 
աڲͨⲻйаߡа롣ж䡣Ȼ 
ȶơΪȡ亮Ҳ˥ʳθкʳ١Ҳ⡣ڡʹ 
ͻ⡣ʳԻȡθѭϡĿ ˷йΪ 
жĿơΪΪơйΪУйкᡣ̫ 
롣ᡣอʮѨڱ档̫ɢڷ֮䡣дɡ 
ౡΪ衣ʹ 񡣣ӸСвҲò 
ͨԡ֪ʹ ͬСӪѪΪȶѪⸯ塣ʹ 
Ϊ֮ɫܡƤ纮ȥԻݷ硣ԻȡעʼΪȡ 
Ϊݷ硣ԴңľڷߡΪη硣ı𡣣ڷߡΪķ硣Լ켺а 
ߡΪƢ硣𡣣аߡΪη硣ԶɹˮаߡΪ硣֮ᡣѨᡣ 
Ϊอ֮硣ои֮⡣ŻΪƫ硣ҡϻ¡ƫһΪƫݡ 
ѭ縮ϡԺѨΪԷ硣ϵͷΪĿۺ۵ηĿǰϵԺ󡣹Իϵͷ 
ʼƪ̫ͨߡĿԻϵͷĿʹȡ֮з硣Ϊ©硣ູ뷿з硣 
Ϊڷ硣žѪ޺з硣Ϊ׷硣÷СΪ硣Ѫйʳйк 
Ϊй硣ູʷߡٲ֮Ҳ仯ΪҲ޳ȻзҲз 
η֮״ູ硣˺޺˷к˷к硣Ƥ衣ʶ硣ɫ 롣Ȼס 
ʱȶĺĺӦ֮Իδ˳ҹƫա 
üϡɫסüϡ֮ͥɫƪߡҲķ֮״ູ罹ŭաɫ 
ɿ졣Юʺࡣ֮ԡڿڡɫࡣη֮״ູ硣ƱΪ־ 
ľɫ΢ԡɸɣѭŭ־ŭʱŮӡ˥ɫߡԽ 
˥ҲĿ¡ɫࡣƢ֮״ູ硣嵡衣֫Ƣ֫ɫ΢ơʳڱϡ 
ɫơǾ֮״ູ硣 ȻסˮסзסƽۡԻ硣 
ʹἹ˥ɫ ̨ɫ˥ܽӡڼϡ˥ 
򼡲󡣣ɫڡθ֮״ູ硣θáѭȱ衣ʳ¡ͨθθ 
Ƣѭʧ ͡⺮͡ʳйݶ׷֮״ͷູ硣ȷ 
һաӦڷ硣ͷʹԳڡա©֮״ູɵ¡ 
衣ʳηעηȡ䵥ȴ֮ηȡºԶʳ򺹳Ϣ 
硣³妡ڸƿʡູиɡ¡©缴ƷҲۡвȽ顣ԡ 
Ʒ硣й֮״ູйϡиɡ硣¡御ʹ򺮡зʹʺ 
ʷ۱ۡΪƪԭͬη졣ͬΡʵϪ۱ְ֮зġһԻ 
ƫݡҲԻʹ֫ҲԻ ٺ֪ҲԻԡ״Ҳɴ˹ 
֮ ֢ ְַ֢֮زƪԻ硣 
Իԡ㲡Իԡζʹߡ֮Ҳζʹߡ֮Ҳۣ 
ء纮ʪ϶ΪҲз֡кϡʤΪбԡһз֡ 
䡣ײߡΪбԡν֮𡣣ʤΪʹԡΪʹʪʤΪűҲŶơ 
ߺҲԶΪǱԡǡָ纮ʪҲ೤̽ۡزɾ١ʹǱԡԴ 
Ϊԡ̽ۡιʹСԡΪԡļ 
ΪԡƢ⡣̽ۡʹԻԡΪƤԡƤʹ 
ȻԻкϡöȥߡҲκϽĺȡȻöᡣΪอ֮ӡ 
ʹǱԲѡааࡣͬԲѡаڸΡԲѡа 
ġԲѡаƢƤԲѡаڷΡνߡʱ֮¡ظ 
纮ʪ֮ҲαߡԻڷΡĻҲŻʴѭθڡ 
Żıߡͨ¹ġŹʷѪ㡣¹ĶϷΡʢ 
𡣹ɸɡЮʡ档Ϊ档֡־֡ˮġαߡҹ򾪡 
ڸΡС㡣Ϊ绳СʱʹС״绳ѡ 
ߡ͡ߡθ֮ءŲ͡ԴࡣԴͷꡣСҲ¡㲻С 
֮Ἱͷ¶ߡ֮״ҲƢߡ֫顣Ƣ֫Ż֭ΪƢ 
θЮʡŻȶϽߡáȡʶС㸴ѡʱ 
йаʱͨΪйߡٸװ֮ʹɬС㡣ٸ֮ڡ 
ڰ֮ڡܷ纮ʪΪȡȻΪ顣躣ͨСɬ̫С 
˸ԡΪ顣ߡءעаΪҲʳԱ 
θˡעаΪҲ궯ˡʳ𡣣жߡϢԾڷΡ 
˼Ծġ硣Ծ߷ѪݽߡԾڸΡ֪ʹ 
ԾƢԲѡҲǰںʤߡҲΪаʪΪа 
һ಻ͨǼʹáƤѡᡣѨעν׾ 
ᡣͨע֮ѨԿа纮ʪᡣʳӦ֮ʳʧڡѭ롣中Ҳ 
ԡǰֻг԰ԡΡƢθΪอ֮ʲԱҲԻʹʹ 
ʡ򺮻ȡʪҲԻʹߡҲкʹҲ۶ʹ䲻ʹߡ 
Ӫ֮ɬѪ㡣ʱ衣衣ʲʹͨ󡣼Ҿʹ֮ʹء 
ƤӪѪΪʡľ亮ߡ١ࡣ벡档ʺҲкʪ 
֮ߡࡣ١ʤΪȡΪаʤʤູߡ 
ʪҲ١ʢСʪʺҲԲʹҲڹء 
Ѫڽ졣ʡƤ򺮡ʾߴߡʲʹҲʹѪΪѪ 
㡣ʹʲʹǷ֮ࡣ꺮򼱡档עƤС 
֮ݡڡרȡӪ֮˱ԺԻӪߡˮ֮Ҳ͵ 
ࡣҲԻθСˮھѪ˳ɡ 
ѭ¡ࡣҲСߡˮ֮Ҳ Ҳ⡣ 
ѭƤ֮С֮䡣֮޹ĤĤɢظ֮౾ƪߡ 
·⡣Ƥ˾Ҳ򲡡档ӣ˳Ҳ纮ʪϡ 
ʲΪԡۡ 
ءҶƤëš ҲƤëҶ侫Ƥë 
Ƥš СľƤн֦ɶҲȡʶϡʢ⡣ 
ߡϡ顣Ŧ֮䡣ݶεҲ 
ȡйڿࡣΪ֭֮硣ĤɡĤΡΪƢȡθ 
ɶʡΪθҺⲻʡ֪ʹΪƢ⡣ȡ١Ϊ 
ἹǿݶΪǡԵ֮Իߡ֮ҲΪ֮Ҳʧ󲻵á 
־졣׶˸ΡܻˡʴϢҲҶҶΪ Ҳߡ 
ี֮١Ϊ֮νڳɡ֮˶ڷΡҶʧνڡ 㲻Ҳ 
̫ڶġڰСϵβҶ١ 
±ѣ硣ѪҲʴ󾭿顣Ѫ顣ΪԡΪΪԡΪֲ 
εء˼Ըá⡣롣뷿̫ڽݡΪΪ¡Ǵ 
֮ࡣڸΡʹҲ͡нʪˮʪˮΪ¡ƽˮʪš 
ӴʪաԶʡΪ֮ʪҲ֮ʪƤԶ;롣ȶʡ 
ڷڷˮҲˮʤǿݶ顣㲻ΪڴҲ 
ߡɫ׶ëܡߡɫ硣ߡɫԶצݡצ߽֮ࡣƢߡɫƶ䣨 
ߡɫڶ¡߹֮ࡣ߶ȡҲߡ֮θΪˮ֮ 
ͬڽë֮ظͷ ΡڽǶҲߡ֮ 
Ҳʮ֮ѪΪѪϪȡ֮ΪȡСΪϪڽѭЮֶ 
ϡЮһֶϡڽСڽ֮ᡣ֡ëԶ 
Ϊ֮ڴڶڼвܻһȻڶ 
ڽݡҲΪáۣ 
ء˥¡Ϊʡ˥¡Ϊʡ²㡣ϡ֮ΪҲߺ 
Ҳָ֮ߡ¡ġʤҲ 
㡣֮ΪҲشָϥߺҲָ֮ϥ¡ϥϡʤ 
ָϥϺ亮Ҳ⡣ԴҲʢںСʺʧȻҲǰߡڽ֮ۡ 
̫֮ҲƢθ֮ԸڽҾߡڽ֮ۡһ˵١ 
ʢ˥׳ﶬáܸܹ龭¡ 
йа֮ҲСڷǰ֮⡣ע֮нˮͨ˥ 
Ӫ侭硣ڡΪ֮ҲʺȻҲθ顣ƢΪθ 
ҺҲ롣⡣ڷν֮Ҳθ͡θ 
ߡӪ֫Ҳȡ֮塣˱뷿Ƣвɢ 
ౡʢСȱȶҲʢ ˥˸ʤ 
Ϊ֮Ҳʻ򱩲֪ˡաԶһ֪ߡҲʢ顣ʢ 
͡ʢϡа档ҡ֪Ҳʢ֪ˡ֮ʡͷء 
㲻Сۡ  Ϊ ͡ᡣ֮ʡ񲼲ߺԡȡ 
ԡѪ걾֢ࡣ߲֮ͬʡ׶ȡвʹ ǡ 
ˡԾ̫֮ʡ ͡ʳʳŻԡƢθ֮ʡ 
ڸࡣȡʹġעС֮ʡٸʹС͡͡Ϊľʢ 
Ѳλ𡣣ϥ˥ס ȡ ۣ 
顿ٲߡԵ簲ϦҹҲԻĳնء֮ҲӦ֮һշ 
ΪʱΪΪġΪҹΪʼ˥ʵۡʤаʰ 
Ϧʼ˥аʼʼӡҹءаҲʱзߡҲǲӦʱ֮ض 
䲡ߡһ䲡ʲӦһշʱ֮ǱԲ֮ʤʱƢʤ֮ľβ 
ʤ֮𡣸βʤϦ֮Ĳʤҹ֮ˮʱҲʤʱҲʤ֮ľ 
ʤ֮ʤϦ֮Ƣʤҹ֮ˮʤ֮ʱҰܾڵ簲Ϧҹ֮˵Ҳ˳ 
һշΪʱ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>Ҫ
ԣءһٶһٶϢ嶯̫ϢԻƽˡȡʮӪƪ 
һʮɶߡһ硣һ硣ҹһǧϢʮӪ©ˮ°ٿ̡а˰һʮɡ 
һʮɶߡ֮ҲѾԻΡΡ֮䡣ƢܹζҲС嶯Ӧ 
ҲƽߡҲԲҽΪƽϢԵ֮ΪһһһһԻ 
ΪѾΪ뾭˥Ҳһһꡣ궯ΪԻ¡ 
ΪλΪλȡΪ¡߲ȡԻ硣ɬԻԡΪʢɬΪѪ١һ 
ĶԻһϢΪѾΪᾫĶϡӡΪԻէէ 
Իƽ֮θθߡƽ֮ҲθԻ档θ΢ԻƽҶθԻβ 
θԻθëԻﲡëΪΪľëԻ񲡡ɢڸΡβؽĤ֮Ҳθ΢Ի 
ƽθԻĲθԻθʯԻˮ˻𡣣ʯԻ񲡡ͨġĲѪ֮Ҳ 
θ΢ ԻƽθԻƢθԻֹԻ ʯԻΪˮʤ 
ˡԻ񲡡ƢƢؼ֮Ҳθ΢ëԻƽëθԻβëθԻë 
ԻΪľעԻҿΪ΢аȻľй١ʲʤˡΪԻ 
񲡡ڷΡӪҲΪࡣӪ֮Էֲθ΢ʯԻƽʯθԻʯ 
θԻʯйԻĲΪˮʤˡ Ի񲡡ع֮Ҳ 
ƽ顣ѭ 񡣣ԻƽθΪв֮⡣ 
΢ԻĲǰӡͣ͡ٴԻƽܼԡԻƽ 
θΪϲ¡ѭԻβעм顣עɬѡ֮ 
ëԻƽ СҳĩҡԻƽ θΪӯʵѭ 
͡Իβ 澢¹ҡԻƽƢ롣缦ءԻƢƽ 
θΪƢʵӯ缦㡣ԻƢΡỺΡȭʵƢ 
֮๡֮ࡣ֮©ˮ֮ԻƢƽ繳֮ᡣԻƽΪʯʯ 
ҲΪдΪˮáθΪ𡣰֮ᡣԻ 
ٱ絯ʯԻƽۣ 
ءҡ߸ҲľҲ֮ʼҲ ֱԳԻҡ 
߲ʵǿν̫⡣ʵ΢νСΪСΪˡ̫ 
ŭۡľ̫ŭѣðۼѣĿתҲðҲ붽 
ۡ䲻ʹԻʹҲв вߡ 
ҲϷҲ֮ʢҲʢȥ˥Ի߲ʢȥʢν̫ 
⡣ʢȥʢνС̫ȶʹΪࡣȡȲԽ 
ʹȲҲ䲻˷ġڷϼ١ΪйϷΡʿ١С 
й縡߷ҲҲ֮ճҲԸȥɢԻ߲ 
ëᡣ顣ν̫⡣ë΢νС̫ʹϵ 
Ȼ䲻˴ȡѪѪŲӪӪغ 
֮󡣣ҲˮҲ֮ԺϲҲԲԻӪ߲絯ʯߡν̫ 
⡣ȥߡνС̫˽ Ȳȡ׳׳ʹ 
 
Ἱԡע֮޳Ϊ䲻粡ˮܼĻ𡣣 塣 
ЮԿ 塣Ҳ⵱ ʹٸС䡣סƢҲԹҲ 
ʱƹࡣƢλ롣ʹࡣ߲ɵü߿ɼƢйࡣ֮ơƢ 
ಡӡˮ֮ߡν̫⡣֮ߡνС̫֫١Ƣ֫ 
ʪʤʲ١䲻˾ϲܹͨࡣʾϲͨԻǿԲ˳ 
⼱ѭСȻ簴ɪҡɫײëܾѭ޲ӡ 
Ȼɫڲë顣ë˷ɫ׳಻ë 
ָʯٱȻɫڻƲëƢէէ衣ɫ಻ëԻҲ 
ߡθθ֮Ҳߡ̫Ρθ̫ҲȻ 
̫ʱΪ̫ҲҹëʯȡʱΪ״̫ 
νγҲаʤߡ˥Ҳʲߡθ̫֮֮ߡ 
ʤҲԻۡ 
ء֪֪֪֪ע֪ס塣ʮ֮ 
ҲĸƢΪҹ ëʯ֮ʱαһ֮Сָ޹ߡΪ 
ҲνߡҲΪܡܱҲءǰ֮ࡣߡҲ档ءȫʧ 
֮ΪҲνߡθ֮ҲθͻΪθΪעӭθ 
ڽԶӦִСԺءҴԺ򸮡ھƾǷᡣߡ䲡θߡ֪Ҳ 
ĳ֪͡ĳߡ֪֮ڡˡƶ֪ۣ֮ 
ءѡѡӭΪĺΪ˳ϸΪ档ΪﶬϸΪ 
˳Ϊ档Ϊ˳ŮҴΪ˳֢Ϊ˳Ϊ档Ϊ˳ 
֢Ϊ˳Ϊ档Ϊ˳ΪҲʱ֮˳Ի紺 
ĹҲʱءԻѡ÷ĵΪʱءβƢ˲ 
Ƣġʤ֮ء֮ӡѾνҲӡʱδвΡ֮ʱ 
֮δĶݡɬﶬԻʱҲȶ˷ߡ˸󡣣 
йѪʵ˳ϸʵ󡣣С顣˲⡣ɬߡв˸ 
ɬᡣΡۡʵᡣ⡣ʵߡ෴Уơ˵ö󡣣 
ԻʱҲ뷴ʱࡣƽۣ 
ءаĵöĵôóˡԻ֮ 
ŭΡУ֮ŭɴעơν֮ϡټŭ򶫷֮ 
ӡۣ 
ءĲҡɬﲻνעʱ಻ɾȫ޶ 
ȫ޴רĸ಻ͨҲμԻԻδȥȥԻȥȥ 
Իעһμ˳꽻Ҳȼڱ̫ҲδȥȥΪ㡣 
ࡣȥȥΪࡣ㡣עνټ˥֮ҲҪۣ 
顿Ϊ̫ξиֱ̡ھ֮Ҳ֧Ϊ硣ξ֮ȱѨ 
󳦾ߡΪҲ֮Ϊ֮ߡҲȣ 
顿ߡɼҲʵҲ֪֮ʮз֮䡣ڴȻ֪ 
ʵߡΪҲ֮ߡҲȱƫ֮ࡣ 
֪֮ɫࡣʹȡθк֮ӡִָ¡Ϊ㡣θȡ 
ࡣξѨ䱩ߡñҲгкߡҲߡҲ 
ءںԶΪڼԻڡԺ֮ʢ˥ڡ֮Ϊӭ 
ΪڡԻθߡˮ֮֮ԴҲڡʵ֮Ƣθζڲθ 
̫ҲƢΪ̫ΪθҺԴڷΡڡ̫Ҳ֮ζԳθ 
ڡζθΡΪת֮ԱڴˡǡķΡζڸ 
ڲءΩķξϡ֮ķвΪ֮Ҳۣ 
ءʳθ˶רʳɢڸΡڽ侫ʳθġ 
Դ֮Ϲġ侫΢ߡѪڷΡγ 
侫Ƥëʮʮ֮ԹڷΡξӸ߶֮ܰᡣת侫ɢƤë 
ľ֮н򡣱ƤҲëϾڸעСν֮Ҳע 
ࡣ֮ڷΡĸƢࡣȨ⡣Ȩƽνڡֲʹల 
ƽ⡣Ҳڳɴ硣Ծ֮Ҳڡ֮ҪҲע 
ȥһ硣ɴ硣עֳΪҲǰΪ硣ΪߡΪءƳɴ硣Ǽس߶֮Ҳҽ 
ɴ˲֪Ծ֮Ҳθ˶רʳԡʴͨˮˮĲ֮ġ 
ԫϪʳθ֮ʧּӡ羫ƢƢɢϹڷΡƢΪθҺν 
ϽнŽҲͨˮס½֮תסν½ҲˮĲ徭 
Сʱ֮Сʱ״ʳ˺ʳ֮ҲΪ 
ҲۡߡҲߡ䲡ʱ֮Ҳҽ֪֮顣ΪҲ 
 
ۣ 
ءߡѪ֮ҲС־ԻʵѪʵѪ顣ΡΪ㡣 
Ϊ㡣ġΪȡΪΪаʢʢڡߡʢСעν¡Ҳ 
в͡͡ߡθ֮ءŲ͡˥ֹԻϸ 
١ɬʹɬΪѪ١ӿȪӿȪɫסȥ 
΢Ҫ΢ۣ 
ءνʵԻаʢʵ顣ʵ硣ԻߡҲߡ㺮Ҳ 
 
ʢ顣ʱ֮ʱʱ֮ʱؽˡνʵߡԴȲ 
νʵʵǴ߻Ҳ缱Ϊʵ߻Ϊʵע硣ӡɬ 
Ҳ⻬ԳҲɬ㡣ߡȣڡߺҲﶬΪ 
档Ϊӡߡߡȡ˺ξ֮ߡ 
ںɬҲ˴ﶬҲﶬ¡ʳȡ˺ν顣Ի顣ν顣 
߽顣ߡɬҲ Ѫ硣 רָĿɼ 
ѪѪҲΪѪ֡ °ĭ硣ŧѪ°ĭΪ֡ 
Ϊ֢ ŧѪ硣档Ѫˡ 
ΪѪΪ񲼲硣󻬡ѡ֤СἱΡ֤񲼲 
֮ʵ硣ΡʵʵΪаʢθƼʵ硣ʵ󡣲ÿΡѪʢ 
СᡣòΡͨʵۣ 
ءֶ֮ߡԻͷʹֳߡԻʹעΪ㡣ʲͷΪ̫ʲ㡣 
ִ١ϻߡԻ米ʹʢϡߡԻСʢߡԻ⡣ 
ᡣԻвлкʹԻȡΪΪʢߡԻ 
⡣СʵߡԻڡСɬν֮òСΪ顣ɬΪѪ顣ߡν֮² 
ʢߡԻٸʹΪΪʹԻ硣ΪаɬԻԡɬΪѪʱԡ 
ԻСθȡʢԻ͡Ϊ͡ɬν֮ עи顣ʢν֮Ѫ 
Ӧ΢ʢѪȥɬνູ֮Ѫٶࡣߺϸν֮й㡣麮 
̡ܽߴֳߡν֮Сעν½ƽۣ 
ءԡԻΪ硣ĻʢȻ ɢߡѡ 
ע ɢΪʵѪ顣νɢνܡעνʡǡѪѪϡ 
ɢߡູһ񡣣ɢҲູܸηɢעһɢ֮ѡ 
ǡɫࡣ׹׹鲫ˡɫӦˡѪв¡˴档в 
Ѫв¡޹ڷΡ档 ɢɫߡߡʱ뼡Ƥθ֮ҲѪ 
ʪˮҺθɫࡣ¡θ¡ۡ ɢߡʳԡθ顣 
ƢɫơƢ͡ ɢɫߡ ס 
ˮ״ҲƢ֫ Ƣ鲻ˡסɫƶߡעɫƶࡣ 
ƢΪۡ ɢߡѪһ񡣣Ҳִߡ㡣ࡣΪҲ 
ȥ졣ʵ顣ʵȥ١ΪۼаʵΪ ͡۶֮ȥʵ 
ΪҲжߡҲΪаܡϸɢߡҲϸΪΪȡ 
עϸΪʡϸɢߡҲϸΪɢΪȡɢߡΪ 
͡Ϊ顣ɢΪ񡣹ѣ͡ߡ両δꡣΪȡΪꡣΪ֮ 
䲡֡ꡣΪ֮־ӡ꼴֮Ҳϸߡ 
ΪʹϸΪǡʹо㡣֮Ҳ²ӡһߡ 
֮ҲйŧѪΪ˥ȻлߡйѪעֶΪȡʱѪǡ 
ɬߡҲߡҲࡣΪ޺Ѫ١ࡣΪູʢ 
ࡣ޺ࡣ޺ࡣҪ΢ۣ 
ءΡ졣ʢ硣ѣͳ鳸ҲСΡѪСܺ 
ѪʢΪ󢡣ΪΡ𱩡ҡೡѡա 
ʲԡѡСССġΪСΪ麮ΪѪΪ 
βΪʯˮΪСʯΪˮΪڱˮθ硣ΪסΪΪ֮ 
Ϊ֮ССΪ顣󼱳󼱳Ϊޡ޽Ժ֮ۡΪ顣 
ΪΪǰСΪ˴󼱳ߡΪҲΪޡҪ΢ۡΪޡ 
ٸϲġΪޡΪࡣΪΪޡ 
̫ס̫ƢҲעܺѪΪΪޡעѪ档Ϊʡ 
ΪθҲΪƢĳΪ ѡעΪг֮󡣣 
СΪ ΡΪƢƢ˸Ϊ΢аСΪ͡СΪ ѪСΪ㡣Ϊ 
ȳ֮Ϊ¡ѪѪѪĭ ȡĸ ѪѪ 
βѪڳ ͬߡΡľСɬΪ ĸζСɬΪ  
ھѡθɬġĲɬѪлҲθĴ󡣣ʢ 
ҲСἱСΪѪ顣Ϊ͡Ϊʢƫݡǰβʮһ׵Ĥڸ 
ʹ޹ķΡвʳʼҲƫߡ졣Ѫͨθɹȡ 
ĲѪΪ֢ƫҲӷŮӷҡתΡ֮౾аδ̿Ρ 
ѪѪԻѪ顣ɲȡΪΪаڱ֮ 
ۣ 
顿˳ɵź͡ȡһҲ֫壨䣩йǶҲ 
ֹҲΪ֢ѣС㡣ѪΡСС˾Ҳ 
ΡȡСԼС˼νҲߡʮնӡ丹͡ĩ塣йһ 
ҲͱѪʱǶҲȣϡѪ¡ѡ⡣ڡҲŻѪ 
СʢҲŻϡ͡Сй¡Ҳߡ 
һʱӡ棩 
顿ν档Ȳ֢ѳʢꡣΪ˥һҲйǶ 
ҲűԲơ ơȡƫҲΡȡɫزȻסѪ ڡѪ ơ 
νҲȶΡᲫνҲ 
顿ߣຮ߶ȡȵ߶ѪСѪ١ʢ΢ȡɬ 
߶ѪɬΪѪ١΢кСߡ㲻㡣аอΡ 
顿һһҹʮӪʮȡҹʮȡӪ֮ӦߡԻ 
νʮӪߡڡҲʮһߡֹΪʮһߡ 
һʮһߡʮһߡʮһߡʮһߡ 
֮ڡ֪佫ᡣ 
ءӶߡ硣Իӡ֮ġȻʢ֢֮Ҳġ 
ʢ⡣溮ҲעҲǺҲ뾭ĵߵ֮硣Ի 
ӡ֮ʢҲʢ֢֮Ҳںʢ⡣Ҳ֢Ϊˡҽ 
֮Ҫۣ 
ءӭһʢʢ̫ʢִӭʢ 
ΪһʢӭһҲپơ档עʢ֮ʳ롣ԫơߡ֮ 
עڡʹóһʢʢʢ̫ʢΪִ 
ڡಡһʢڴӭһҲپơ򲻵С㡣עʢ֮رѲͨ 
ԫơߡ֮ע⡣ʹ롣ӭھʢıΪظ񡣹ظ֮Ӯܼ 
֮ӡУơӮӯʢҲҲƪڡӭ⡣Ӧ 
Сȡӭ΢ﶬ΢Իƽˡʼƪӭһʢһʢꡣ 
ӭʢ̫ʢꡣ̫ӭʢʢꡣӭ 
ʢҴԻΪһʢһʢꡣڶʢʢ 
ꡣʢ̫ʢꡣ̫ʢҴߡԻΪڹء 
زͨΡӭ̫ھʢıԻظ񡣹ظߡ֮ڡע㾭־ 
ԫϪԹظΪ̨֢֮ԹظΪ塣νΪֹ֢ʳն֢Ϊ塣 
ھҾۡݡߡǲϺβʵָ䲡ΪεȺڲۣ 
ء֪֮ҲваҲ֡עա˻ӡŻͷʹȻ 
䲡䳣ǲҲۡ 
ءߡҲעӡעѡ˵ָʱҲ 
֮Ҳƽۣ 
顿ʮ̫ݺҲ̫֮Ԩ̫֮Ϫθ֮ӭԶݡθ֮ 
ע֮ȻĲδ˵ϡΩϳͷӭƵӭΪǡԻθҲ 
θ֪θθΪ֮עڷΡˮȶ΢֮עڷΡ 
̫֮ӪҲӪС̫ʼҲϢһٶ 
һٶѡʶֹʮԻڴڡʶݡ̫̫֮ԨѨҲƺС 
ƪԻ֮Ҳԭ̫Ԩ֮ԻθעڷΡǰڷ֮Ӫ亷 
ϳͷߡθ ֮ѭʡ߿ϡѭϵԡѭ̫׾Ѩԡ  
ͬ򥡣¿ˡѨǰѭճθθӭθ 
ѨһֶθҲθ֮ѭ֮Ϊʵθ 
֮С¡䶯Ҳһϡ¡Ϊҹëʯ 
ͬȻʱӦڲء䶯ҲһӡСΪ档֢˸СΪ֢ 
Ϊ档֢˳ϸΪ֢㾲㶯߲ƽȡν 
θҲӡע㡣Իߡʮ֮Ҳ֮ 
磨¡֡θѨȥĴ硣Ӧ֡ѭа Сϥ 
ѭֹ֮֮¡ӿȪѨаסԡϡ 
档ָ֮䡣ССֺע硣֮֡ҲƪԳϳ塣Ω 
ƪ˳ۡԳСעơɴ˹֮֮ߡӪ֮ 
ڷҲθ֮ߡθѭвҲ֮ߡСвҲ 
䣩 
ءӭӦСȡԻƽƪ֮ڡΡע֮ڡ 
ӦȡĹԡעҲԻϱ֪֮ӡ׼ΪΪ 
Լ׼ΪΪע֮СΩ˾֮ꡣȪڲ 
Ӧ汱Զ¡˾졣ȪȪڲӦԳΪԴΪߡӾ 
ӳҲȪҲӦҹʡ̫ȪӦʡ֮ꡣ˾졣 
ڲӦԶ¡˾졣Ȫ˾졣ڲӦ˾졣ҲӦ̫ 
˾졣ӦǰͬӦߡӡעӦΪֶ֡Ϊ 
ϸΪҲעӦߡϱ෴֮ڴߡڳߡڳߡڴ硣 
ӡҶ䡣෴ߴͬעҲҲӦߡ˾֮Ҳ˼ߡ 
ҲӦߡ˹Ӧӡߺ硣Ի֮ꡣ¡粻Ӧϡ߲Ӧ˾Իϡ 
ȪԻ¡֮ꡣ졣粻ӦȪ߲ӦͬעΩӦҲ 
ж˹Ϊ֮Ȼ򲻼߿ɼ޵ʧҲҪۣ 
ءϡһϢʮϡǾ費Ҳ΢ʮнȻƳƳ 
֮ҲݸɶɢҶǸҲľҶʡ͡ʡ֮͡ٿȥٿʡߡ 
ġ費Ҳȥ滪滪ġࡣθ費Ҳܼ 
ǵ費Ҳơǰ費Ҳ˪ԿΡעϵ 
Ю౾㡣ԡԡھҲ罻ᡣʡߡҲ 
΢ʮӿȪг롣ļС̫費ҲζӢζľ 
ӢעΪ䡣ζӢΪ䡣֮״֮áǼ費Ҳɫȼڰݷ 
ڼϡӺ ӺӺߡ֮ʮ֮費Ҳʮ֮ 
Ѩˮȵȵߡ֮С֮󼱡ңȡȡȶҲ˲ 
衣ֱֱ֡ߡ֮ɵҲǴ費ҲҶġ绪 
ߡ֮⡣ƿ֡ԡССС費Ҳƪ״ 
ǿ⡣֮Ҳۣ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣǶҲߡ֤ߡߡɫߡߡʧҲ 
ʷΪһšƪԳʡϲӱʶ 
﷨ƽδδɢʳδδʢȡѪδҡ˿й֮Ҳ 
ҲӾעĿ Ѩδȷɫɫ 
಻㡣ǿ֤֮ʢ˥Դ˲顣֮֮֡⡣֮ڡ֮䡣֮Ӧ 
˴֮ůΪ֮֮ʢ֮ޡΪ֮ŭٶ׳ı֮֮¡ʱ䡣 
Ӧй档ԲӦоء󡣣Ӧк⡣ɬƽӦȨʯʱΪڡڶʧ֪ 
֮֡ڡ֪ʱʱӦزӦߡԻʧ֮ա֪ʱӡ΢ 
ɲ졣֮м͡ʼʼ֮о֮жȡʱΪˡкʧһһ֮ 
顣֪ǹɫСе龲Ϊ顣ո֮ 
ڷࡣ·ݳ潫ȥ֮ݲءڹǡݳܡӾҡ 
֪֮߰ڶڸ֪նʼ֮ڱߡ֮󷨡ʱ档 
ע֪ν֪ɫϡԡвҲ߹Ǿвв֮Ժ 
Ժ򸹡ٸעνࡣνڲࡣʿԻνǰ벿ν벿иϡв 
ΡԺֹνСԺθԺƢֹϸϡϲԺΡ 
ԺСִԺġԺСִǰԺǰԺ󡣣ǰԺǰغԺ 
עǰָǰָҲϾߡɳ硣غҲ¾ߡԴߡٸϥ 
Ҳھ﷨ҲעԻԺԺ򸹡СסٸҲԺΡԺߡ 
ڸҲԺġԺСмİҲԴСڴ硣ߡҳߡ 
ɡСΪΪ֪ΪС½Խнڴ 
ϺСǰ֮ҳ󳦺֮ɳֻۡơϽӪн 
½ϽСн䡣½ʴϽԺСнԺС 
½ԺСҳߡһࡣöѨڶ׵֮䡣һӶ 
֮СԳɺҲھ֮ѭڴںƶ֮ڶ⡣ĸҲע 
ȡ֮Ϊƶ֮ڡҲȡ֮Ϊڱƶ֮϶¡ 
Ҳϲʢ䡣ƶ֮¶ϡͷʹҲ²ʢ 
ͷʹҾƶ֮¶ϡƶ֮϶¡˳ͬ˼峣νȡȡ 
ȡȡҲ֮ǡߡʹбҲѪ١ʹʹʲõȲ 
Ҫ΢ۣﲡ֮ʼΪ֮͡Ϊ֮ټ֪͡ʼȽĸʼԴҲĸӦʱҲ 
νߡҲ֮ 
֮Сɬָ֮󡣿ơࡣɫҲʶɫ΢Ŀ 
졣ܺɫȫࣨɫࡣ֮ҲᡣԻлСʱʳԻıԡ 
 
βظߡʽԴΪ㡣ΪࡣߡҲ֮⼲˼Ƕ顣а֮֮ 
ҲʵлС顣ԻαԺȡս֮ʹҲζȡ 
˽𡣼֮ʹڡ顣صĸν˥Ҳ֮Ҳҵ 
֡ΪҽΪл¡֧ ֧ вввġԻ¡Իαԡ֮ʪ 
ͬβʹͷʹߡмϡͷʹ֮Ҳ 
顣лڸСԻޡעϡΪޡΪƢŮͬŮޡ 
޶֮ʹ֫硣Ƣ֫ľ֮Ҳϼ󡣣δꡣע 
֮ϡҴ󡣣лٸԻԡ֮ԡˮԡʪ¡ع 
ۣ 
֮ѪͨΪ֮κΡԻ֮ʼһھɡΪ֮һ졣 
ߵءˡ֮߾šӦҰԾԴٲԵʵа 
ϲ졣֮Զעڡϲء֮֮ԡ ֶ֮ 
Сϲˡǰ֮ǰжСв졣̫ҲνҲо 
ѨвءҲν󳦡ִָָǼ䡣Ϲֶ֮вˡҲνƺ 
֮¡ֶ֮²졣ҲνëʸһС֮жŮȡ̫塣 
ֺںС²ءҲν׺С̫Ϫֶ֮²ˡ̫Ҳ 
νƢ㸹ϡԽ䡣ڻֶ֮²֮ԺΡԺԺƢθ֮вԺ 
ΡԺ֮θԺġϲԺͷ֮Ժڳ֮ԺĿ֮졣 
ɵءˡ֮ΪšŷΪҰҰΪŲء塣βġΪŲءעβػꡣ 
ǡĲƢ⡣־ν塣һͷǡĿڳݡСνβġעβġνθ 
Сס֮Ҳ޳롣ΡԲҲͨڱǷᡣע 
ͷ֮޲֮˺۶֮Ҳź򷨡ˡ֮г 
ͬҲĵù塣ȶ֮ݡַԵ֮ʵѪʵ顣ʵѪ顣 
ʵк֮֮Դ̷ͳݶԡȥѪȥа֮䲡ƽΪڡʢ 
ϸϢΣжá鲻߲ 
򡣽ʧĿĿźС߲Ų֮СһС߲ͬ 
߲߲߲ߣע˾źС֮ź֮Գϸ 
Ϊҹʢ괭ΪġȲߡƽעҹ롣 
СƽΪ֮СмȲߡ硣ߡϦîľϡ 
ľˮߡҹˮӡէէէէߡճļδաƢҲ 
ѡźźԴ߲Բߡ֮֮֮Ҳ 
粡֮жߡѪ㡣жСߡ֮ӡط档θΪܡ 
ҲΪ档Ҳźۣ 
ɫʹԡƳȡ򺮡ɫԼҲƤۣ 
֮ӴӡΪ֮Ի֮ͶΪҲҹС򴭳Ρ 
 
ĸ֡ڸΡƢľа֡ڷΡġҡݡ 
ζġˮ͡ǡˮ֮ͨʱѡŶΪҲԻﲡ֮ 
ӡƤ֪顣Ϊ﷨ҲʳθᾫġԶС 
߿־塣ڸΡҡͿࡣƢʴﶬġʱڹáΪҲۣ 
δﲡߡʳ䲻аԻӪ־֡ӪѪƶԻʧ 
ƶ޼޽Һˡҽ֮อΡ޿޿顣֮ 
ɡ֪ռ޾Ȼ֮òʱߡڶӪ 
עѪΪǼ塣汯ʧ֪顣֮һҲﲡߡʳӴֱࡣʼֺࡣ 
˾߾پڡŭϲСȥΡСھ硣ʹɢ 
ҽ֪֮к֪顣ѡа˲֮ҲΪߡԱ㡣ۡߡ 
没Ҳ֪֮Ϊ֪֮󡣴֮Ҳʹˡʧơ 
ʣҲơ䲻аˡذʼƶ䲻аƤ ΪΡ 
־ѪˡΡҽϡܶΪί˳ʧơ֮ĹҲߡ 
֪ʼ֪עʼ񲡡Լ¡ŮעࡣΪ˳Ůࡣ 
ҴΪ˳ңᡣǿϲŭע롣װҲҲҡ˼Ҳᡣ 
Ҳ־ࡣ¡ϲɢŭҡ顣Ѫء֪֮ˡն 
帴СϢ临ɡɫδϢʣҲ˰ܽᡣעνע 
˶ŧڻŧѪΪȡֹ֮ؽ֮ɢ֫ 
תڡҽ֮ҲԻʥ֮βҲ֪ʱ͡۱ 
̾ʯҩ¡ƶƷٳ֮ڷֲ֪ʼ 
źظӡۡߡԺ˷֮аʱҲź򡣼ǰƪۣ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣһ顣˵ߡв˵ߡ޷顣Ԩ⡣ġ²о 
¡֮ȷס֮ʡ֮΢ߡܴǺƪ֮䲻ɷҲ 
ȡ侫Ҫ˵ߡͼ˵ۡϤߡܾ¼ߡͳȫҲ 
ߡ֮ҲľˮΪˡ纮ʪΪ֮ټ͡仯֮ĸɱ֮ʼ 
֮Ҳɲͨν֮Ｋν֮䡣ν֮޷ν֮ʥ仯֮ΪҲΪ 
ΪڵΪζǡΪ硣ڵΪľΪȡڵΪΪʪڵΪ 
ΪڵΪΪڵΪˮΪڵسΡСӡȻߡ 
֮Ҳߡ֮·Ҳˮߡ֮Ҳˮľߡ֮ʼ 
Ҳľʵж١ʢ˥١ӡ̫Ȼɼνж١ 
ʢ˥Ի֮ж١ԻҲע̫Ϊ̫ΪΪִ 
ΪҲʢ˥ν֮Ρ̫ҲʼҲ֮֮ 
ӯ޳㼴֮Сʤ֮Ҳ֪ӭ֪档ڡʢ˥ʵӭ档 
˾Ҳ׼֮ꡣͳ֮׼Ҹ֮ꡣͳ֮Ҹ𡣣֮ꡣˮͳ֮ˮ 
֮ꡣľͳ֮ɻľ֮ꡣͳ֮ﻯ𡣣֮ꡣϼν˾졣˾졣 
Ȫδ֮ꡣϼ̫̫˾졣̫Ȫ֮ꡣϼ˾졣Ȫî֮ꡣ 
ϼ˾졣Ȫ֮ꡣϼ̫̫˾졣̫ȪȺ֮ꡣϼ˾졣 
ȪνҲνҲʼȺա֮ϡ֮ľ֮ϡ 
֮Ȼ𡣣̫֮ϡʪ֮ʪ֮ϡ֮ȡ֮ϡ֮𡣣̫ 
֮ϡ֮ˮνҲΪ֮΢ּ֮ۡνԪԪһ 
ΪҲӦΪľ֮ꡣϼ֮ꡣϼ˾ϡԻΪֱ 
ľî硣֧곽ֱԻֱԻᡣΪΡ֮ꡣϼ 
硣Ҳ֮ꡣϼ̫곽ٳδδҲ֮ꡣ곽ϡ 
Ҳ곽ᡣԻϡԪʹۣ鷲ƪ¡עڲ۵ˡ 
ʱꡣ 
仯֮á촹󡣵سΡγ顣ǡءߡ֮ҲߡӦ 
֮Ҳ̸֦֮֮ҶҲԶ֪Ҳ̫ɹ֪֮Ϊ֮¡̫ 
֮ҲԻƾŷ񡣣Ի֮ҲԸ֮֮Զ֮ʪ֮Լ֮ 
֮ʷ纮¡ϡʪС䡣롣˾δȷʡġǼ 
Ҳע֮ڵС֮ء֮Ҳְ˼Ǭרӡ 
ȳ֮塣ҲΩȻΪ̫ʤظɡʤ 
ȡʤضɽ𡣣ʪʤࡣʤѡʤعӡû𡣶̫Ҳ 
֮Ժ֮Ի֮ʤ֮ҲԻ֮䡣֮νҲ˾Ȫ 
ʤ֮֮Сע֢۲֮ȡӦ֮λаˮ 
ӻλľλ֮ࡣλλ΢Ӿĸλĸλʤߡ뼺 
ʤߡƼʤʤľȿ֮ࡣ䲻ʤ֮ʤ 
֮ȿľľ֮ࡣ귴аʼʤ򼺷ааηҲην 
Ҳ֮ηλĳ֮塣Ӫ˴ۣ 
Ըŵ֮Ӧλ硣Ի֮ҡ֮λҲճî֮ҡϷʱӦ֡ 
Сֹ֮ҡһ֮һ֮һ֮һˮ֮ 
һľ֮һ֮֮ķΪһ֮СʱӦλ֮Ρ 
֮¡ˮ֮𼫡ˮ֮΢šͬˮλ֮¡֮λ֮¡ 
֮ľλ֮¡֮λ֮¡֮֮¡֮ע˵ˮ̥硣̥ 
îͬѭСΪ̥Ҳ򺦡ơרһר̫߳ʸС 
ʹΪҲʢ˥С֮塣򻯡֮ߡ䡣򿺺 
߿ɻΪƽ׼Ҹ֮Ҳ˸ƿɲءҡ󲡡˶ 
ˡƻҲ֮ˡп֮ߡ̫򿺺߿ɻΪƽ 
ʢ˥֮ʡȻжɼһڿڰҡ֮ԭɴ˴ӡߡ֮֮֮ 
ת˶Ҳʥ޻רڴˡʵΪȫ֮Ҫ塣ԶעϺӼ֤Ȼ 
ޡΩעơλ֮غ¡֮ʹҲֻձĽ⡣ֱݡʢ˥ 
硣Իλаλа΢νλԻľîîꡣ硣ꡣ 
ļ׳缺δꡣϡꡣˮӡꡣνᡣ֮ƽҲ֮ˡ 
֧֮ꡣϡΪᡣλ硣Ի겻Ҳй֮ӡ֮ꡣϼ̫δꡣ 
ν˾졣֮ꡣϼꡣꡣ֮ꡣϼîꡣľ֮ 
ꡣϼȶꡣˮ֮ꡣϼ̫ꡣ֮ҲԻ˾ᡣ 
硣Ի̫һ֮Ҳ֮δϡ̫̫ͬһߡ 
޶֮ơԪʹνΪΡһᡣᡣ˻ᡣ硣ԻΪִλΪ 
̫һΪˡа֮ҲκΡִߡ䲡ٶΣߡ䲡֡йߡ䲡ν 
̫һ֮յòӦ֮硣ԻλʼйС²֮ͬҲעλʼߡ 
νľ̫ʪ̫ˮʱ֮Сض 
λҲйߡν֮ʼڵ֮֮Ҳ²ͬߡνϡ 
¡ӦͬҲ֮κΡԻʼڼסɡʼӡ֧ӼϡԻӼʼ 
֮ʮӡʱڡꡣԺʱ֮ڶӡߡ֮纮 
ʪԪԵߡ֮λ֮λߡ֮νԻ֮λ 
֮С֮ҲԻ֮ϡ֮֮¡֮֮֮֮֮֡νҲ 
ࡣѨθкҲߵҲҲע֮¡̫֮ڡ֮ 
С֮½֮С֮֮ҲѶν졣Ѷνء 
ڵء졣ʸ١򡣶ӡǶʤ֮䡣֮ڻ 
֮ɺ䡣仯֮ౡɰ֮Ҳг١֮С䡣֮Ҳ 
аɰзѡӡϢΣ峣ۡߡ 
ԻȥϢߡԻֹ򻯾ʷǳ׳ѡղء 
롣С顣ߡߡ֮ߡν֮ɢ֮Ϣ 
ӡ֮Ҳġɢ֡졣ڵضϢӡ޲롣޲С󡣣С 
ԶСꡣ֮С롣ءֺӡԻ޻ǩ֮ 
֮νҲԻвЭ顣ΩҲԺϵΪʥڴˡ΢ּۣ 
ƽľԻ͡ԻԻԻƽˮԻ˳䲻κΡľԻί͡ԻԻ 
ࡣԻӸˮԻ̫νľԻԻءԻظԻɡˮԻܡ¡Ѽ 
λʤʤ߱𡣣ʤ̡ͬͺ㡣ʤ뼺ʤߡ 
ͬλ֮ҽεͨӡơпơÿ 
ƼʤȪ֮Ƽʤߡʤע˾ϡ岻ʤʤ 
ɫ顣ɫ֮ʢ˥Ρʵ֮ʢ˥˥ʢ֮Ҳࡣë۽ Ҳ 
ëľ۳ˮ𡣸֮ˡΪɺҲ̥в֮ȫ 
֮Ҳ֮಻ȫ֮֮νиҲѪ֮биɺ֮ԸС 
м䡣֮ԪҲ塣ζɫ֮ࡣ֪ߡ֮ζɫ 
ҲߡԻȥϢߡΪΪ֮ߡԻֹ 
򻯾ڵߡΪΪ֮ԭʸơʤгɡԻ֪֮ӡ 
֮١֮ͬ졣ʤ֮ͬ졣Ҳ峣ۣ 
Ρ˾ߡ硣Ի˾졣仯Է硣˾졣仯ȡ̫˾졣仯ʪ˾ 
졣仯Ի˾졣仯̫˾졣仯Ժٲλ䲡ҲעľλĻλ 
Ƣλ뼰άνλˮλඨλȻ͡򲡡 
١֮ҲػκΡȪػԻ˾ͬȣİġҴס壴 
ˮ𡣣вθ䲻Ŀơ棨Ϊȡɸɡɫ ̨ɫˮʶ 
ġˮʤ𲡡žΡƺ֮˶֮Ҳϡӡ֮Ҳ 
֮¡ӡ֮Ҳ֮עӦСӦδ󳦡Ӧİ 
Ϊ̫֮֡ʪӦƢθľӦε̫ˮӦסΪ֮֡ν˾켰ҶҲ 
νȪҶҲƪơ֮֮¸Ҳ 
С²Ӧ֮䲡νҲѨ 
ԡΪ֮֡ĳĳĳࡣ䴦봦ĳҲ 
ʤ¾㲡ߡԵ֮ʤϾ㲡ߡ֮עʤδܸ˶ʤ² 
ҲԵ֮ʤϲҲ֮Ԫʹۡʤ¡ʤǨҲ 
νʤδҲʤ֮зδ縴ΪҲ 
ʤ֮졣ʤ֮ʱгбغԻʱгλޱҲʱλг֮ 
Ѷ֮ʤ֮Ҳ˾ϰꡣ֮֮ҲȪ°ꡣ 
ϰ֮ľʤ°֮ˮʤ򸴡ʤ񡣣ɱءѶʤ硣Իʤ򸴡 
Ҳ˥ֹעʤ΢΢ʤж˥лʤֹҲѶʤ򺦡 
Ҳʤܸ˰ܡ⾡ӡʤ֮޸ҲҲӷλҲ 
ʤʤ֮ʷҲעἺۡ˥áԹ󡣹Ϯ֮ 
ԲҲνҲעҲҲҲȪΪˮλ˾졣Ϊ 
λʤʤ֮ʤˮʤ֮עӷλáʤʤ֮Ω 
˶ҲҪۣ 
֮϶¡˾졣Ȫ֮ǰ֮С˾֮֮ 
֮СȪ֮½֮֮Сл塣ʼ¡ʼϡ 
ʼСжʼڱꡣɱڱ֮ءڡ֮ءڡʶຮ 
ϱʪʳ¡峣Ի֮֮ԡΪＱΪ֧ʹ֧ 
ʹΪ 塣򼱡ڡΪвʹŻйľа֮ҲΪӣ 
𡣣ȡΪ󡣶սΪ㡣ΪЦĻ𡣣֮Ҳ̫ 
ΪƦʪΪΪ ΪƢˡ¡й͡Ϊ סʪʤ֮ 
ҲΪŻΪΪ꣨ԻаΪԣ𡣣ŻӿΪйй 
⶯󢣨鳸ԻҲ֮ҲΪ顣Ϊ󳦲꣨С 
Ҳϥ ơǡ 㲡θΪвʹҡΪ硣֮Ҳ̫Ϊ첻 
ΪʹͷʲʹΪ޺е顣ͷǿֱ첻ߡΪй 
ֹйˮֹ󺮡֮Ҳ˶βΡ־ϡδԭġްԱ˹Ҳ 
ߡ¡ǰǰС⡣λ֮Ҳעλߡλ¡̫ 
ǰ̫СࡣλԲ󡣣ʷʤ򶯡ʤסʤɡʤ 
ʪʤйˮ סڡʤڡԲҲԪʹۣ 
ľ̫СƢайʳطԩ֧ľʢӦǡľʢľ 
ŭѣðۣвʹʵԲΪĸľƺҲӦ̫ǡ 
 
ǹ̫Саűս׳ʳȴ˷ΡѪ磨Ѫ 
ϡѪйѪ㡣ע¡󳦶й׷ϵΪϡʢˮ˥ȣС 
米ȡ֮Ӧӫǡǹʹв֧вʹ߱¼ʹʹ 
ʱۡĲͬȹʹΪȷʹƤӦǡˮ 
Ϊĸ𡣣̫ʪСˮа񲡸ʹʪʤʣ䡣ⲻ֡ƢӪˡأʪʤ 
ԩʱۡߡءߡСʹʡⲻ֡Ӧǡǡ⡣ 
ա󢡣ʹθ㡣ˮˮʳ֫١Ƣ֫й 
ԱԲӦǡľ̫Сľавٸʹ 
вСĿʹ 񡣣ĿΪϡšβѪѪʱۡĿ  
šɱأ˥ءԩʹвʹٸۡ 
ʹв Ӧ̫ǡǿľ򴭿米ʹϥ Բ 
𡣶𷴲²ʹĸҲʱۡԷβͬӦӫǡǸ𡣣¡ 
ʹ вɷࡣʢľѪ硣νԲӦ̫ǡǡˮ̫Са 
ȷġ¡ꡣҲ¡ĶҲˮꡣηˮ¡ʡʢ档º 
 
ںʹӦǡˮǡ򸹴״ȡ¡Ρ޺ 
硣ʢ顣ʱۡͬӦǡˮʪкʳ 
ƢʶðƢнҺʡʪðӦӫǡǼҫˮӨ 
̫ʤ֮ΪϤܶ¼ȻּͬȡΡԸӡ 
̫ηʧɫĸĸɫʤΪꡣɫۣ 
ľýˮľľΪľ֮ĸľҺ 
ľ֮ʹľ޻Ҷ֮С޹֮졣¡Ȼ 
ѡ֮ɡľߡ֮Գ֮ҲʾĶԴͬڷȱҲԻ 
˽ľľл˹ּҲ죡ûȱˮﾡȻʤߡȫ 
ۣ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ε
ԣƪʡĩһ򡣣 
ѣڸΡľҡ ڷΡʪ 
ƢƢӪˡʹġĻ𡣻΢ʹʹй¡ 
עνҲˮ֮˾ˮ˥ʡŻ˥кʡڶˮ˥ʵ㲻ͨΪ 
̡˥ˮʵ㲻ΪйŻϡϡνҲҶ 
ŻϽï󢡣ҳ鳸ڻHT ɥ 
ء 
ڻ𡣣ȶⷴǻԾȼ֮ԴڡⷴҲϡڻ 
Խڻ סʢڡˮˮ硣ʹڻ͸󡣽ȡΪ͡ 
кߡԫԻ١Ͷࡣ͡κ͡ 
֮ġ͡ȡʿԻߡת塣ת֮ࡣˮҺǡС㡣ȡ 
ŻᡣעȡкＱȡǿʪʪľ֮ǿֱڷ硣 
Ծ֤ࡣһʪһ硣ˮҺγ䡣硣ںʴҪԻز˾ 
֮ʪзк֮ˮ޻𡣻ȡǺʢ֮֮Ӽ 
ԭʽòʮδʮ֡ȱ䡣ʤʤѪºƽ֮ 
νҲ˶δסԻӻȴȡñ޺ʸҶҲʮ塣 
ȾġɼΪࡣǷ纮ʪΪΪҲΪ֮޴ 
ػ򼸺Ϣӡׯν𴫲֪価ڡů鲢ҲƽΪΪɱ֮ 
зȻʻˡɱҲȪ˾ͬߡ걾עСȪÿ˾ 
֮ǰڡԿʡɱ޸֡˾и֡Ըʻ֮ɢ֮ʤľ 
ԿʡʤҲľԼʸԻ֮ľϲɢ֮˾к 
֮ɢ䡣ڡ̺Ըʿࡣ֮Կ෢֮ˮʤ𡣹̺ʤ̡֮Է 
ҲĿ໺֮ڡԿ෢֮˾޿෢䡣ʪڡԿȡᵭ˾ 
ʪȡԿ¡ԸԺΪʶֹԿ֮Եй֮ʪľ 
ˮעʹǵζŨʪӡй뺹Ҳڡ䡣Կ˾ʡη 
Ҳ䡣йȡɢ󡣣֮Կ෢֮ͬڡԿ¡Ը˾ 
Կ֮ʤ𡣹Կ¡ڽᡣԿк֮ҲڡԸȡ 
˾ƽȡԸʿࡣк֮֮Կ֮ˮʤԸȡ 
ƷҲ˺ߡк֮֮ᡣԿ֮ʤ֮ߺ֮ 
֮֮ɢ֣֮ɢ֮֮߻֮ ֮߼֮˥߲֮ 
ǿк֮ؾ˥ȥڡ֮Ҳ֮ʤҲ΢֮֮֮Ҳ 
ƽ֮֮ʤʤ֮֮ƽΪڡҲ֮ 
ߺ֮΢֮ߴ֮ע΢˻ҲʪˮۡҲ档˳Զ 
ɢ֮΢֮֮෴֮֮֮߳ɢ֮߹ 
֮֮߻֮ɢ֮֮֮ƽ֮֮¡֮кĦ֮ԡ֮֮ 
ĥ֮֮֮Ϊʡνӡ֮֮塣ԻΡ߷ΡԺȡ 
κ没ߡν֮ΡԺȶҩκԺҩ˳ߡν֮ΡٴӶࡣҲ 
Ӳ֮ءΪҩ֮١κνΪη΢ڵԻáááͨ 
ͨáط֮򡣣֮ʼͬ졣ʹƻʹᡣʹ͡ 
ʹѡעԻߡڽᡣȹȡȲǰҩ֮ 
Ա㷢ҲΥ´档֮ҲߡСԺ롣ȹ 
Ժҩȷ븹֮СЭ͡ԼǺ֮Ҳ峣ۡ 
¶֮κȡ֮Ҳߡ½鷦нա вʢɢ¡ 
С漱顣ҹҩҩȻ顣䲡֪С 
¡ٷաͨʵԳҲͨͨߡڽᡣעкֹ 
ɬ֮ḴδԺ֮ɢֹͨͨҲк֮ͬ˷ƽ硣Ի 
ڶ֮ƽΪڡΡ߷ΡעΪԺȡκ 
ҲλλνԺκȡ˷ҲκȡԺʿ 
ܷīҲвߡ֮ȡвߡ߽֮ڡ²𡣣ȶ֢ڡ 
֮ҩ²κΡݱƲī·Ի֮ȡ֮֮ 
ȡ֮νҲע֮ԭ衣׳ˮ֮⡣ԻҲԻอ֮Դк 
֮ȡ߲ȡȡ߲Ժ֮ͨСǿ֮֮̿ɡ˹֮ʡ 
ȡκԺȫ֪⡣ȡȶʺҲԻԷҲ 
֮ʱ֮ע̫ˮúҩȲȥ̫ҩȥ 
ȻߡҲԻζҲζζθϲΡġƢ 
Ρöﻯ֮Ҳáز֮Ҳöעơ÷ 
η֮ࡣѡƫʤƫʤƫ±زͨνζᡣԽƢ˾ 
ҲƾνҲ֮νǲߡΪҩ֮νӦ֮νʹӦߡΪʹҩ 
Ʒ֮νҲũƱݡҩһٶʮƷΪҩһٶʮƷΪҩһٶʮƷΪʹж 
١ʢ˥лдСκΡԻи¡ע˾ȪĲ϶䡣ϲ² 
Զò²λԶλ֤⡣ˡСءؼΪҲ 
Ϊڡ粡߶¡Զνж⡣ضᡣΪҩ൱ҲҪԻһ֮Ҳ 
ġż֮Ҳ֮Ҳż֮Ҳע档֮ż֮Ի 
֮Զż߲֮档߲żԻȡԼ΢ 
ζŨŨζŨ֮ҩζζ֮ҩ֮νҲǹƽ֮żС 
Ҳķλ򲹻򺹡СԶżƴҲλԶ򲹻¡˴١С 
ࡣ֮ζᡣ֮ζٶء֮ȥż֮νطٶ棬 
żνҲż֮ȥȡ֮ν䲡Ҳעȡҩζ֮ͬ 
ڲ֮֮Զ֮ν߷Ҳ֮硣Ի֮ر⡣ 
硣Ρ֤Ρ֤΢ߵ֮ƽ֮ʢ߶֮ߣߵ֮֮ 
˥֮עС֮Ժ֮֮ȡ֮֮¶֮֮ 
ѡ֮֮˥֮С֮Ժ֮֮ȡ֮֮򺹷֮ 
֮֮֮˥֮֮硣Ի֮ߵڡ䱾ꡣ 
֮⡣֮ʢߡȵڶ⡣֮ڶʢߡڡⲻ 
༰в⡣ⲻС䱾ζ֮ú硣ʷɢΪӿйӿ¡й¡ 
ΪζӿйΪζйΪС㡣߻գᡣɢ򻺣ʡ򼱡̿ࡣࡣ 
󡣣 ̡ᡣࡣ֮ʹƽҲҪۣ 
ߴ֮֮עν˾ȪҲ˳ζԺ̫֮ζ֮ 
ںʢ˥֮кˡʢ˥ʡԻȡӿ¡һԻͷغȡйһԻ 
㡣һԻͨȡҩһԻʵһԻԺȡɫһԻĦġһԻΪ 
һԻԺܣ͡ŨҩʤԱҩ֮ǿߡϡȡ֮¡ͨ 
¶ϲ¡ȡ֮ϡ϶²Сȡ֮Сҡҩȡ 
֮ʼƪȡ֮߸ȡ֮ͷȡ֮㡣ȡ֮ Դ̷Ȼҩд 
ԫԻԻͷмȡ֮㡣νȡҲмȡ֮ϡȡҲмȡ֮ߡƢθ 
Ҳߡ׵Ҳ׵ľҲҲθйߡǷ绯Ҳθʪʤйк׵ʤԿ 
֮֮ҲԺ¶֮ҩȷκȡ֮ҩΪ 
Ρ塣֮ҩ¡ȶ֮ҩȷΪΡ֮֮֮֮ 
֮к֮ͬо¡дСж޶ҩ֮ж޶ߡ˳ƣȡӡβʮȥ 
֮βʮȥߡСβʮȥˡ޶βʮȥšӺԻҩԶҲ 
θʲݡɲν֮÷ƫʤΪˡʳ֮ʳԾаʱۡҩа 
ΪΪΪ档Ϊ䡣ʹ֮Ҳи編аδǰ 
޷͡زʱ֮֮͡ʢʢ顣кΪʢʢкΪ顣زꡣ 
аʧа˳첻󺮶زϡȶ¡ʺҲԻ 
̫֮֮٣һС֮ҲϷҲߡ侫¡ȶ¡ڶʢ 
ϡʶ¶ȡҲߡ侫ϡ󺮶ʢڱ 
и¡ȡʺ֮͡͡ߴʪȶ֮ 
ѡ֮ѡ̫֮֮١ز֮ɢ֮֮ 
ն֮νͬҲעܶʳȡɢ˺ʳ䡣¡ע 
⡣ڡɢ⺮ȡȡй⡣ڡй 
ںвͬߡ˲ͬҲԻԺˮ֮ҩڡ 
⡣ȡȡ߾Ƿȷνɢ֮ն֮֮ǿءͬ 
Ժ֮塣ʹƽҲ߷֮зΪߡ˼ٽ֮ΪҲ峣ۣ 
ľ֮¡֮ɢ֮к¡й֮С㡣ˮ֮档 
Ȼ֮ηҲνк̫֮Ҳ֮ηк֮ҲעккΡк 
ΡкƢкġ仯Դע纮ˮ˾졣ʧľҲ 
ʤ䲻ʤʹ伲޷ȡ޷ʱȲȡ޷ҩʱ޷ 
ҩԶԶȡκΡԻԶȡﲻԶעȡ·ԶҲ 
ú¹ԶҲ޷ȡ޷ʤɷƽΪڡɹνаʤߡа 
ʤӦȡȷȡ׼ˡԻʧšˡʤ临νΡ 
עšҲˡ塣ԺҲʤ޸аҲѡ֮ 
硣öҩ񡣣Իй档ҲйʡĴҲڼйʡҩԲ֮ĸ̥ 
޻ҲʺνҲۡɷҲ˥ֹۡ빥Զҩ̫ˡ 
Ԫʹۣ 
ڱꡣ֮ڱꡣڱ֮ڱڱ֮ڱꡣڱꡣ֮ڱȡ 
ߡȡߡȡߡдȡߡηΪ档εΪӡСν㡣б֡ 
ꡣС䱾ࡣ֮䱾ꡣ㡣֮ꡣ䱾 
֮걾ۣಡƪͬ 
βɫ֮ʢ˥֮¹ʡ֮޺ʱáʢʢ顣ν֮Ρ 
ɫԸν֮ѡʱν֮ΡҡĹ︡ӪԻθν֮Ρȡ֮ʱ 
ʱʱʧν֮Ρʢ顣ʢɫزν֮ѡʵԼᡣаʢν 
֮ʱΪΡνʱߡ÷ĵƢˡ 
ɬߡԻʱۣ 
ƤëаڱǳμνࡣߡҲа 
ࡣӡ֮аС˷硣ࡣˮ֮ȸСʳڡʧʱ 
֮ʪСƤʪܡƤ⡣ʪؽڡ˽ߡɫȱ֢ɫ 
Ƕ֪֡อв֮֡Թɫ֮ӴϢ֪ࡣȨ 
ء֪Ӧй档ӦоءӦк⡣ӦȨߴ۸ɬ֪޹ 
ʧӡԻ֮ʼҲɴ̶ѡʢɴ˥ѡ֮ɢ֮ʹ䡣 
֮֮ߡҩȥԽ֮˥֮⡣˥֮ƫ˥ö֮βߡ 
֮ߡ֮ζζ伴֮֮塣Խ֮֮֮ 
֮㡣к֮ڡʵߡҩк֮ߡ֮к֮аߡΪ 
粼֦Һԡ֮ѳߡÿô˷Ƥߡ֮ ߡ֮Ħʵ 
ߡɢк֮ʵɢ֮ʵк֮עƪ 
֮塣עʤѪ硣Ѫʵ˾֮֮˳֮ʵ顣Ӧۣ 
ҩааöҩհԻҩβˡʳˡβΪ鶹򡣣 
ΪΪ档ţȮΪ䡣޽ޯ¡ζ϶֮Բ澫ߡ 
ʿ̡ǰӦСһζɢաᡣ򻺣ʡ򼱡ࡣᣨࡣ 
򡣣̡ʱࡣζҲο༱ߡŭ֮ѪμʳԻ֮Ŀ໺Ϊ 
顣ɢݡʳ֮Ƣʪʪˡʳ֮ο档ʢ˽𡣣ʳй֮ 
֬ʳ֮½ҺͨҲרߡνͨġɢ 
ʳɢ֮֮к֮ľϲɢΪΪк ʳ ̲֮ 
֮к֮ˮˮܿ˻Ʋߡȡȼ֮ҲĿ໺ԸΪкƢºͻ 
ʳԻ֮ÿк֮ʲ֮աʳ֮Ჹ֮к֮ɢաᡣ̡޿ 
֮ʳԼ֮ÿಹܼ֮к֮ᡣ򡣹кȻΪζʲҩ 
ΪԻ̡δרкҲˮҲʱۣ 
ζ޶ʳζۡθϽϽߡӪҲ 
С뺹Ѫ򡣣Ѫ޶ʳ̡ԻѪθ֭ע֮ע֮θ 
ߡ·౾ɶƿʡ߹ǡǲ޶ʳࡣ⡣ⲡ޶ʳʡǵÿضѾ١ 
ø޵ʲ¼߽޶ʳᡣԻɬա׵  
ԼͨˮСߡ֮Ҳ߽ӡۣ 
ʳ̡ɬɫѪҲĺˮ˻𡣣ʳࡣƤ¶ëΡκƤë˽𡣣 
ʳצݡκϽצߡ֮ࡣΪľϲɢܲΡΩΪʳᡣ 
ضҡƢ⡣仪ڴľա֧ƤŨҲʳʡʹ䡣Ϲǡ仪ڷˮ 
ζ֮Ҳۣ 
֮ζζ֮幬ζζᡣԽ򡣣򡣣Ƣ˾ľ 
ζ̡̼͡ǡ֡ˮ˻Ȼʱơ̲ġζڸʡ 
͡ɫڡ⡣ƽҲˮζڿࡣƢ妡θŨƢŨθ 
ҲעͬעŨֽ֡Ƿ֮ìܺζڳڡ롣 
У롣ҲͨáʳڡɢҲע롣ȾǷ̸亦 
Ҳζࡣδ亦ҲĲһشǿ⡣ۣͨ 
СΪСʳΪСɷߣͬʸ֮ζݣ֮ƷʯҩӢ 
֮ࡣʯҩ ͬݷ񡣣ϲԻ񲡣ŭԻ񡣣򷼲֮ʯҩ֮ᾢʧ 
 ҩȻȼʢҩ֮Ƣۣ 
֮غǳʱ˽Ժ˷硣֮˴֮ǹѪҺ 
ѪкС캮ѪʼѪʼʼС¹֮Χ 
ΪѪʵᡣ¹ա顣ȥζӡ캮޴̡Ѫ׶С 
к޲¹Ρνʱ֮Դ̷ȻѪǡɲ֪ۣ 
ʥ˲Ѳδδҡѳɶҩ֮ѳɶ֮Ʃ̿ʶһ׶ 
ۣ 
ڹߡ¡ʯߡɡߡزΡ֮޹ӡΡ 
֤Ҳۣ 
顿ѶᡣһҲѪ֮ǶҲ󺹳֮Ҳй֮ĶҲ²Ѫ 
֮Ҳ˽Բк 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ڰ
ԣءߡ֮ʤߡߡԻ 
֡ʤߡ֮ȴСʤ֮Ҳ 
˳ġߡʢĸΪС֮Ƣҿߡľߡ 
ˮľȻƢΪˮζߡľͬƢ֮ڷΡڸΡ 
ƢڷΡ֮ζ֮ڸΡƢĶڸΡ֮ġ 
ڷΡƢ˽ҲСһһҹ֮ռ֮ĺҲî硣 
켺δθϡҹɹﺥӡҾߡϸʵʢʵƤȡ 
ʵ͡Ƣʵǰͨʵʵνʵϸ顣Ƥ顣١顣 
йǰ󡣣顣ʳ롣Ƣ顣ν顣ʱߺҲθйעֹ߻ú 
ʵ߻Ҳǿ¡˥¡Ƣ˥Ϣ㡣˥ΡԶ 
ʼΡ֮աա伱аڡ 
աͨƩڶ硣Ϊڡۣ֮ͬ 
ءߡ֮Ҳע֮вʢʤ˿ߡԡ֮ʪҲ 
ʢʤϢߡǿ֡ʪ֡Զ΢˸ߡ˶Ҳ 
±ƶ񡣲ߡ֮Ҳ޲ߡŻҪҲޡƢθҲθ֮¿Ϊ 
šС֮ΪšΪšˮȪֹߡǰײҲʧߡ֮ǿҲͷߡ 
֮ͷ񽫶ӡߡ֮อ֮ᡣڱ档ӡߡ֮ 
תҡܡӡϥߡ֮첻ܡ͸ӡߡܾ֮ǽ 
ӡǿʧǿɫߡ֮Ҳ粯졣𡣲ΡԱ 
֮󡣲޹ۻơɫزԡɫ΢ӡٲҲҪ 
΢ۣ 
ءɫȣ̡ʵ ̦ú ѪѪۣ 
ݹɫ֮Ҳ缦зɫ 
֮Ҳۣ 
ء̫֮Ҳۣӡۣ󡣣 ݡ鳸Ҳ̫Ŀ ϶ 
ۡѭ粲Ю̫ѭĿ ʴ۷̫ۡ㡣̫֡ ɫס 
˳鲻ӡСҺߡҺɡҺѡѪԻ롣 
й˳߶ٽڽݡױݡĿϵϵһհ 
Ŀ ʻӡĿϵġδӡѾӡɫࡣӡľ 
ߡĿЮڽСЮڻϵĿϵƾԡθľ衣 
ɫơ¾ʢӡ⡣Ϊߡڣ֮档Ϊɫݳ 
ǡ߹֮ࡣ¶ʳͱա²ͨӡڶ±չ͡ 
Ʀӡ̫ߡͱաϢŻŻ档ࡣ²ͨͨڡƤë 
ӡע̫Ƣ̫Ρνڶ¡֮Сͱաѡʲ 
ϢŻ֮ͨŻ档²ͨʵľڡƤëʽߡɸɡķ 
ӡİСİѭ򪡣ɸɶķ 
硣ҲΪ硣ྭƪߡ֮ϡߡ౾Ҫ 
ƪʼƪͬ 
ءƤѪҺͫӸߡ̫㡣ߡ̫Ѿ˾֮ҪҲ 
źۣ 
顿̫ΡƤë̫ߡƤëҲƤëƤëҺȥƤڡҺ 
ȥƤצëۡëëƶʤҲġͨͨѪѪ 
ɫ󡣹ߡѪƹˮʤҲ̫ߣƢѪټ⡣ 
֮Ҳή򴽷ľʤҲ 
ǿݡ߶Ҳж妹ҲʹǲⲻҲⲻȴȴʳݳ 
󡣷߹ƼʤˮҲ߸Ҳ߽֮Ҳ߾ 
౾Ҳѡʴʤľ 
ҲĿϵתתĿˡࡣĿ֮ĿߡΪ־־Զһհӡ 
롣й˳鲻ʵռϦϦռƪ 
ءμļɹƢμ켺ˡʤν 
ƽۣ 
顿ߡҲʵߡаҲʢʱ֮͡˥㡣а֮ 
㡣ка㡣заҲ֮աƪԻˮʢѪ䡣Ƥ¡ 
ëᡣ硣ǳ¹աˮʢѪ顣ȥζӡƤݡ 
䲡Ҳ䱩ʧʱ֮͡ӦȶӦ¡ΪˡŹ˷ƪд 
硣ı硣շ硣۷硣շ硣׷硣Ӥ硣硣ν֮˷֮аʥ˱ܷ硣ʸʯɡν顣 
Ҫ֮ۡ顣аҲʧʱ֮͡аҲ֮աаҲظаΣӡ¶ƪ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>۵ھ
ԣءϹ֮ˡ֪ߡ֮ʳнڡг͡㡣 
ȥꡣȰȥʱ֮˲ȻҲԾΪΪ뷿侫Ժ 
ɢ档֪֮⡣ʱġ֮֡ġ֮֡޽ڡ 
ٶ˥ҲϹʥ֮Ҳν֮а硣֮ʱޡ֮ϻкڤо֮ 
塣ءŮꡣע֮ھšŮ֮֮ʢݸ 
ǡΪѪ֮߹֮ࡣѪ֮ࡣ߶ˮɹ̫ͨʢʱ 
¡ӡΪѪ̥ʡӡˮһһгԻˮԻˮ 
ӳʢٶ롣ŮӳʢжΪˮҲƽ 
֮ߡ֮˶ֹ߽Ǽᡣʢ׳˥ʼʼ顣 
֮ڱǡ Сѭ⡣ϳСЮڻ½нȴѭúӭѭճ϶ǰˡ 
ѭʡ­֮Ͼա³СЮڡӪ档˥潹顣˥ϡ 
Խʼס֮ͷ档顣̫˥١ߡصͨ˶ˮϡλ 
ҲŮѪ㡣й֮Ҳɷꡣע֮ʮΪ֮֮ 
ԻŵʮҲʵݸʢк͡ӡ 
ƽǾǿİ˽¡ʢ׳˥¡˥ϡ潹 
ްס߰˸˥ܶߡ١˥Լ˰ݷȥѾˮ 
֮֮ʢк˥ǽ顣ﾡӡʷްסءвӶ 
ϡߺҲٹȡͨҲӡв˰ˡŮߡ 
֮Խӡע֮١ƷҲϹۣ 
ء¡ν¡ؾ١ؽͨҹ𡣹㲽ͥΡʹ־ 
ɱᡣͶ𷣡˴֮Ӧ֮Ҳ֮˸ΡΪ䡣١Ϊľӡľ 
Էĳ֮¡νެ㡣ﻪʵҹաᡣҲ޹ 
ж붬شչ෴ʹ־ŭʹӢ㡣ʹй⡣˳⡣֮Ӧ֮ 
Ҳ֮ġΪ ű١Է֮زˮֿ˻𡣣¡νƽ 
״ƽԼ뼦ˡʹ־Ի̡ʹƽ־ʹ 
塣֮Ӧ֮Ҳ֮˷ΡΪй١Է֮¡νղءˮ 
塣źǱء𡣱شչ⡣ʹ䡣˽⡣еáȥ¡ 
йƤʹؽᡣй˶֮Ӧ֮Ҳ֮Ϊʡ١Է 
֮ۣ 
ءʳעǶ㸯Ҳ纮ʪࡣ֮ӡ 
ʳζǡ֮ķΡʹɫáɫηζ 
ڡ֮ڳθζءͶҺɡ񡣣ڲۣ 
顿ˮڿڡڳθҺΪ塣캮±ΪǰŨΪΪ 
θΪ١аΪ֮СΪˮ͡ԸԻˮȽڿڡζ塣ע亣 
עࡣҺϽӪн½¼⡣ƤΪ 
ΪҺŨʺڷ֮䡣ĭΪʹ캮աʪСڼ 
Ϊ硣ˮڰΪΪ֮Ϊ֮ĿΪ֮򡣷Ϊ֮ࡣΪ֮ƢΪ֮ 
Ϊ֮⡣Ϊǿ֮١ʦƪΪ⡣ʹ֮Զӡö֪ԡ֮Һ 
Ŀıϵϵξ١ξҺ硣ϵΡܳ١էէ¡ʿȶӡθ 
ȡθ⡣θθ档ٳҺۣ 
ءʲ֪ˮӳҲԻߡ֮רҲ侫ר֮ĿߡҲ 
Ŀ 
ΪϡȻܱΪϡɫҲ֮еҲĿ֪ɫԱ 
¡ˮˮߡˮҲˮߡҲߡ֮Ҳھ֮ˮԲߡ֮Ҳ֮ 
֮ˮҲˮ֮Ϊ־֮ΪˮС־㱯Ŀ֮ˮҲԻıԻ־ 
־ľĿҲҲҲ߹֮ҲΪ顣־߹֮Ҳˮ֮ߡ 
ҲΪ躣ͨߡ޲Ҳߡ񲻴Ҳ񲻴־֣ 
־־ȥĿ־ȥؾȥĿҲӶзԺĿ 
Ҳ㺮Ҳһˮʤ𡣣֮𡣣 
Ŀ äԳ¶ֹ֮ĿҲھǻĿʼҲлڷ硣 
𼲷ꡣ֮Ҳ⾫΢ۣ 
顿ߡѪԻڰСѭԳбʹǿۡѭ 
ϹԪЮꡣжɢἹȻͬԴĶвδߡΪ֮両ߡ 
ѭСʺ紽ڡѪʢ⡣ѪʢƤë֮ 
ѪѪҲ֮ٿڴ벻ɡʿȻ벻ȥ߶ȥ 
ҲԻȥڽѪкƤڽᡣڲ١벻ߡ١ 
δˡѪȻ벻ʺҲԻ֮Ҳγ岻ʢڽɡѪ 
ڲ١벻ζƪ 

