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ݣԪ1644ꡪ1911  

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ԣ׫ҽһҽ֮Ҳҽ˵ʮҽ˵ʮҽ֮ʦҲǰ 
֡ʷԸҽƿիҽʿ۱ҽǱիҽëŶɽҽ½ 
®ҽſͳҽڱϧҽҽԴ档ɽҽԡԱ 
֮šĵáתʦ֮šָժҽ֮סʥ֮ԡ 
¼Զྫ䡣֮ҽ顣Ȥζ㳤ʶܡҽҽ 
ʮࡣ鲻롣¼Ӭͷпʱϲõ꽭꽻ơ֮ 
Ϊ֮ϼͶ¼ܡΪ꽻Ī档̸֮ҽ֪޲ԡ޲ҹ޾⡣ 
νԻҽǲܾͨͨǾרؾרʼɲԼǰʿŶԾ 
ȫΪءHT ͷֻһָ֤ϡֻһپ˺ۡɼĵôڶҲȻ 
ĵߡԴ˽ڡĵáǶŽҽ鲻ɡǲϲԼҲˡνҽּѻ 
ӡʱ಻ʼ֤ꡣѡҩƷ˼ܵһζҩѼʱ˼á 
һüȫ͸񡣳żѡԼǧ෽ҽһᡣ֤ȷСͨΪ 
ѧʦϧ޿իҽ弯ֻг孽׳Ϊ֮ҦΪ 
Сɢʧڽ޴ӹ١ˡʡ֪ͬþûԭ 
档ҶȱҳؽؽȻΪ֮ؿ̸ӡ佫ɡĩڼˡ˹þǰ 
֮Ҳ 
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ԣԾƽֲ;֮ѧҽЧвΪߡ֮ 
ߡաǶĿ֮Ҳķõɡɡҿ̲ڻ˼ 
²֪ҽΡۡܳסҽ֮ܡͲ֮衣á 
ǡÿԻ֮ҽڲߡΩ䴫ܱ֮Ҳֿ־֮Ӧ 
ӡδ֮ҲһաʾǱࡣ֮ܶ˼֮㰪Ȼ¶ī䡣֪֮ 
ƽ֮ߡֻʮһɡҦֹ븶ؽ֮ 
Դª׺ڼˡ鲼仰ɵá˵üһɡ־֮ϲҲ 
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ԣй䳣ߡҽҷѡҲ䱸֮䡣⡣ʱ 
ߵΪԷЮ֮š֮١   
ء֮ߡŽҡᡣɡӡҽաϡҽһ顣Ի 
¼Ҳ¼ҲϮΥ¼ҲΥŶʺϺšʳŶšʱʰ֮š֮ʧ 
֮ڡ͹֮ɡһɡһɡ¶޵ɡʮӡ᪻ƶʥ 
̷˶ĳҩҩĳĳҩĳҩϹŹҲ˺ʦ֮롣֮ʵɡе󡣶 
گӡʵɡе󡣶گӡȻһʸԻ䡣һսԻƱǿ 
Ҳ֤֤֮С֤ʡԼ֤ҡһ֤ǧ֮ͬɡ֮Ϊ֤֤ߡ֤ 
ҲνߡҲԱں֤ںߡν֤Ρƶ 
ӡΪɿɺƶһ档ڰٷǶһǡԱ֮˵Ҳ֮ 
ҽҲ̡䳤á̻ʧȻ֮ԡ֤ҲΣɡд󴨡ع³ǡ Сһ 
õ֮ɱˡ֮ͤƽߺи֮ɡʳ֮ɱҲ 
಻֪Ҳֲ֮¸˶ҩ֮ʥˡ˭߶Գ֮֮Դ 
Ҳˡӹӹζɱ֮ɺաغΣաҽҶ˽ʹڳ 
ڲҲӡ顣Ϊ֮֮δҲһ֮ˡ 
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ԣһҽ֪ʼںˡʫĿߡԸҽիҽҽǱիҽ 
֡ԸҽΩǰҽʮ򡣹һԸҽիҽһ 
丵żָ֤ҩ̾Ϊ֡ҽӢκҽఴаﵥΪ 
ҽһҽǱիҽ¼Чǰҽں󡣹һǱիЧͬһҽ 
ͬǡѹںϲҽ顣šʶ֮丽ĵáԱ֮οȻʧ߶ӡ 
 ӡ¼Ϊ֮Ϊҽ塣ǻš 
áӲࡣȫҲƸߡǶҲױĿߡпרָǰ 
󡣺ɾδꡣͬߡɲκϡ֤ߡѰüĿҲйʼ 
áշתߡٴ֮顣˼֮ĿҲȵöҦֹļ 
֮Ϊ˵Ҹ̴ǲΩеӡָáԸٹ 
 
ԸҽԻһ顣Сһ֮Сһ֤֮ܡص֮ 
档ְѳβ֪Сÿס没ۺ֤ҩơһ 
Ϊҽ㡣ǲ֮١ʹмѭʶϲ֮ӡ¬ҲȻ 
һʱסΣաҽἯѧƽߡ赭дʶߡΩ 
ʼɡһЧհǰ˺ǴͬС¡ⲻ֪츳Ҵǡ֤֮ʡһ˼ 
һѪȼòֻڴ󸻹󡣹ʹ޹ء졣ҹ˼֮ 
Ըҽһʷ šʱҽҩʯ֮ԡ༱ȫ֮Ϊơν΢ 
Ĺνʷʡ顣ֱ͸Сż¼һ򡣰Ȼ֮ԡʱ֮ 
ۡһӡ 
ϲڱˮһζᡣҺ¿ 
Ͻλ縪׼н֮ˮڡߡʥ԰ζʡ塣ԷΪ 
֮ǡůʡ鼫ʷθɶʡƩ縪ˮ԰֮ 
лůڡ޻ˮϰ塣ղɵöҲȻߡȪԴȽߡ 
ƵȷȻʼмáͬһ֤֤֮֡⡣һͶС 
ϸҲ 
ġ̵ʪΪҺΪҺΪ̵ΪֹΪѡоֹߡΪ֮Ҳ 
ԡ޵̵֮֮ˮ̵ߡ̵˳һ֮Һ˳ӡ 
ν̵һΪ̵С̵֮ҺҺ֮֮Ϊһ̵֮ 
Ϊ಻һر̵֮֮ҽּԻ̵ԴԶͳ̵ 
ʪ߹ˡʹʪԵ֮ڻλ𡣻𽵽塣Сˮն̵ϪԻ 
̵»𡣡νҲơ 
塳ӼԻθᡣڷͨڳθ֮⡣Ҳν 
ͨԸθҲ䲻ͨڳθ֮⡣̵ͨڳθ֮Ҳ 
ͬá·ҶҽšҦô佪Ǽ·Ϊ»к 
áǿԪӡиɽͬáǼΪ󿪽ⷨ￪ᡣ 
ȵ̵Ϊ֮ʥҩν֮ɡҩ򲻿ɡʱ档֮ꡣ 
ߡһʪ֤塣θʳӡԷ衣ϸѯյ 
´ˡǡıݸĿʰԡʵëϡ֮ʤءʪˡò 
ҮԬ˷Ի෹Ũ֭һߡ֮Һʳֵ֮ܲξ 
岻з͡ȡ𡣼ķ¡侫Ũ 
ˡ֪Ϣӿڱǳ롣֪ëϡ㰵֮Ϊķбʵ֤ë 
򷢴˱֤ëϿйϢ΢ 
šϪνʿҶϡÿˡʵอơƤǡνҲ 
Сอʵ֮ͨߡо硣อ֮ڡ˺֮СΪ֮·Դ 
Ҳ֪硣ÿڮ֮ҲơҶ汾ߡ 
ʮʯ±ءˮΪʡˮζߡƵθ͡ 
а𡣻ζ΢̡¡ƻɢᡣȲɢ֮ 
ᡣ֮һ¡һҲͶ֮Դӿ֪ӡѩжá 
Ƚ併ҲԻͬáˮ֮Ȼ 
֮ ʯ̵ůСůɢСʯ֮Ժ¡֮ 
ůϡһһһһƷ֮Ҳ ҽʯ̵衣ʯҩ졣 
䷨ͬʯϲ꿼һ֮ҩԶ졣󱳹֮ӡñ֮ 
ʮһ١ࡣԻ١߶ࡣʦмڴˡŲӼһ顣ȡ״ 
䶯ӡ֮Ҳ¶ϼڿۡ¼롣 
ۡԵⲻ֡Ī档ӡ֮һ޶֮顣顣 
ɺ̾档ʹΰաϧ档ɾ׽Կַ䷨ 
ʩΡδصЧ顣ȻܻѲҽҡ¹֪֮һ;ͽ˼ʡ֮ 
鰲ɲʦΡǬ¡ꡣڵʮꡣٹ簴֮Χ㡣֮ 
Ȳ֮ηʮҩΪѡ汣Ͷסξɽ֮Ӽػƽ 
 
ʮϪҽë̵ʵ̵֤˲һǮС¡ëԻ 
ѧ˲п֮˴֮󲡸ǰ˲塣졣ν 
ɷмӡԻ÷˲ҩͬҮԻȻԻҲԲ֮ 
̵̵ϡ硣Ω롣δ֮ҩѵʹСʼ 
Ѵ½޺Ҳ˵η֮ߡز̵˲ΡҲп¡Ҳ 
зз֦ѡϡࡣҩȡкü塣ζݡ 
ءƦᡣ֮ࡣʤö١䷽䷨˿˿ޢϸᡣʼֶνԡ 
ʮһʱƺܷ硣ԡɦ֪֮ʹʳ糣ʱͨԢҡù֦ 
֦ǮǮʲǮƬöˮȷһúֹٷ 
ҹš˯ҩһϡһ롣ȡ䷨ֻһͷ㡣 ΢ 
ɦ֪֮ʹղʧùŷŷҲ֤֪ù֦֪ϡࡣδص 
ʹкȥ֮Ү 
ʮիԻһйк񡣴ﲻҲҽʼΡǮ֮ 
ζӰ˷Թ֮˲һǮ˷ѪָʲԺСڽ԰Ч 
ʮ輴ǰӱ衣ŶԻիﲻϡ֮˼һ֤ͬ顣ˮ 
ˮˮΡľˮʧְ֮϶й֮ԡ򿪶 
ййʱͽͽɬҲҩ߿ԸϡҸε 
಻㡣й֮ԡһա֮Ϊβ֮Ʒﲻϡһ 
δ˵洴Ȼ޷졣кۡڶĶϿӡ 
ʮġű֤ᡣء˲ɾС֮ʱֲ̡ᡣʢʱֳ 
Ϣ֮һҲᡣűΪȬΪδֹ಻ɾС緢֮ʱ 
վɡ亮ȼӳӡӾ硣緢ٶ֮ʱվɡ亮Ƚӡа˥ 
ֹҹűаѪ֡Ѫҩа˵̿ͨķѡȻҹ 
ú粻̡ʼշҹҲǰ꾡ճԲν֮ҹűӡ˹Žҽ 
Ҳδ˵Žҽᶫšʱˡ 
ʮ塳ν̵綯档νΪڵ֧θ䲹ˮ 
רܡ֮˵ ಻ΪȻΩƢʪʢ֮ˡ̵к֮סʱ֮ʡټ֮ 
ݶΪ޹׺ȡ鿪θˡҩ߲ҽసһ¼ 
;ҽҩ¡ˮ롣㲻ͨڡƤɡĿ֫䡣ģа 
ѬơѪѿݡѡԲľƤѪϡ֭һ롣 
֭һ۰뱭֭ȡһҹȾĿ΢΢΢աתȥ 
ڿһ㡣ʼĿԡҹʺӦָ¶Ⱦγԡ֤а˥ܻߡ 
д顣͡˼ȽҺ֮Ʒ˷а˥֮󡣣 
β̵֡в䡣ͬ־ƸͨܡʱҲԴʯ 
ȡ֮¡ƽ̵١ݡ󼴵Ǹ಻ҽСͨ黴ʱʳ 
⡣żʳ̵֮ࡣ֡úʳ⡣̵ʪ֤ʳ֮һҲʧ֤ʳȼƤ 
׼ʧʳ硣 
ʮӪ֮อ硣ڹȡĥȡӪǹȲܳ䡣ȷӪܻӪߡ 
֮ؼӪԲע⡣อв൱˼ӪҲھν֮ԳھѪ 
Ѫ͡ٲǹؾɡνߡӪ֮·ھѪߡڶ 
ӪѪ͡ٲߡڶ֮Ѫ̫֮֮ƫӪƫΪ 
Ҳ֮ڲⲻ䡣̫֦֮ǿƫӪʤƫʤٲȻ 
֮ҲӪΪ֮ؼաҽβھؾ֮ѵӪҲҪӪ 
вתӪ΢Ͼݡ֮ӡһ֤ 
ȱ֤ߡ֪йӪԲڸࡣ費νڲҲ֪֤׼֮ 
ɻ»Ӫھؾ֮һһ죡ȡӡ֤֮Ի¾ 
֮֡ɻߡѪʳ̵Ҳ»ߡɻȥδҲȻɻ¡»¡ʺҲǳθ֮ 
ˮȡתߡӪ֮θаӪӪ֮ȡΪ֮͡ʩ 
档ӪɬСʳ̵ͣθڳѪɬ֮Юӡص֮ͨ 
֮ԲСԲܷ֡Ӫɬָ»ڿɸ֮ 
ӪѪԵ˳Ͻڡ಻ͶԻӡ 
ʮߡб档ߡٲԡھơԶ΢˸ߡ˶Ҳ̲ 
ƴǴϳ塣ƴҡ硣ʹҲҪԻƽ޺ȡϢߡ 
ʵҲ޺ȡޱа֪Ϣߡǹа⡣ë衣ϢΪ֮а 
ʵ̵ʳ֮Ȼڰο 
ʮˡѧҽѧҲҽҲ֮ߡδвר־סʼеӦ֮һȻ 
֮ʡӦСɪذ֮ҲҽζȻִλǿҡοա 
Ի׶ȱذܡзβشϪԻŷ²ֵߡɱˡ 
֮鵥ĳ֤ƽ֮Ʒ֤޴󰭡 
֮ҩ֮׼һˡɮűһޭ߾ʹ硣̸㡣졣 
ʯԻʽλòͷ֮ҲǹЧȡ˼ˡ 
ʹաз½˾ƹɽѩ¹е֭Ԫߡָʤиơùϵ 
ǡŻ洭̥Ϣϳ塣ʹкŶС赱˼ʡúηԾ֮ҮԡǽʹȻɶ괥졣 
֮ߡΩп뽫ǰޡʧ֮ġѸ֮ĩ֮Ҳ򡣲 
ͷ֮ˡΪҡڹϵٴλơʥ֪иӦɡ±Сзβش˹ 
ӡ½ȡ̾ʱ֪ҩ֮п跨ȡһԲҩβߡշת 
ڡطʶ״ɫ֮ҩɶ֮Լвܾ൷֮ʹĪʶ 
˵ԻˡλЧȺ߸档Ϊ档ǲΪҵ֮ŵ֮ɡһδ 
Чٷⲻ֪ЧڴߡδЧڱˡԲǳǿ֤кʵϲִһ֮ 
һҩͳ֮ҲҲҩ֮áר͡ҩż൱๦ݡһ൱ࡣԸ֮ 
ܱߡδﲻҳ֮ѵΪҩ֮ߡշתȰ롣¹֪ҩβרҡϸ 
졣ڪҩ֮ġµ֮ա 
ʮš¦ȫҽѧĿѪ̿ҩѪֹҲ㷯ɢ㸽׽һޡΪ̿ԡÿһ 
׷ǮĵһñѧʿԻѪֹɫ©㸽Ǹʥҩ 
ֹ֮̿Ҳ֬ɢѪ֬̾ΪĩÿһǮ¾Ƶ¡һÿǮˮͯ 
յ鵶ɢѪѪֹ֮̿ҲɢѪ͵ơŵġվ潹ɫΪĩÿ 
Ǯͯ¡ҩֹ֮̿ҲαвֹԶû̿ΪĩԾƷذѪ 
Ѫֹ֮̿ҲʥɢѪ÷һɽһǮ̿ԡΪϸĩÿǮ÷Ƶ¡ 
ķûѪѪֹ֮̿Ҳ鵰׷ ΪĩƵÿǮѪɬѪֹ֮̿Ҳ 
ͬһѪ֤ͬһ̿ҩǡβҩ׹ʶ֤һӡ̿ԭҡ 
ʮʣ˱ھԻΪѪΪΪĸΪ󡣶ɡѪ 
ʳʳݵθϸϤ硣ϸ߿ԳѪΪҡڴ֮ʡϸִƢ 
ﺦ֮ߵδƢҲҲҲԳѪ֮Ȼζ֮֮ʸ 
ɡ֮ϸ΢֮ʲҲ֮ΡԻ塣հ֮ 
ӱȫΪѪѪ֮֡ΪѪ¶ν֮ҲϸͨϡѪб塣 
ֱѪһ֡ɴġϡϡϸ΢Ϊ¶ν֮ҲϸѪԴ 
ԭȡִ¶һ֡ӴСֱϸΪ֮˺塣ӡȺ 
΢ԻʪȶѡȺʪӡѪߡ֮ҲѪԻ硣Ӹ 
߶һһ¡Сϸ΢ڶอ⡣޲ᴮĪ֮״ƻ˳Ѫ 
֮бѪˡѪʹҲܴ֮Ѫ򻵡Ѫ̵˿˳ڵ͡ 
֮ϡ֮ޱҲĳߡж硣һһ¡ϸϤͬͬߡ 
ѪѪרƼ֮·Ժ˾ֱ֮Ӧټ䲻Ӧ 
֤ҽ߱شԾ֮ơ֪ԴԴҲɢ֮ڽԾԶԴ֫ 
þ衣Ϊһ鼰Ҳ֮Ƥ㡣ᡣԱʼԳ 
żһż⾱¡θ֮ǰϤڡ١ִ֮֮ʮżϸ 
Է֡޷ӴԱƷʼԵ޲ӡ֮塣ȿƤ 
ԡΪ֮ҪԼ֮硣Ф塣Դ֮ĸߡ 
жޡؽ֮ơάᡣԾְ֮߳ߺӪ֮֮ʹЧ 
ա޿עԻԸԽԡδ϶򡣴ӳҽ¼δϡ˵̩ 
ȫ۵̩ͬ顣ѫҽָĴ̩ͬҽҽָĴΪ 
ҽġĿʤҲȻอ֮ü֮С޿鴦̩顣 
šɡӡʺȻʯҽָĴԻơضλɽͨڡλ֮ 
Ҳʳ֮ҺѪС㡣֮ͨҲλִ֮֮δ֮֮ͨҲ 
пϡ 
ʮһھԡθкѭʶϡͷСϡ֪ͷߡʪθкҲ 
ʳͷͷν֮ͷ˴ʳθʳθк 
塣ȻҲ 
ʮҽܼҩˮԻٿͨ㡣»ˮˡˮٷȡ 
ˮ֮ͬˮ̵ʳˮҽ¼޸ȡȥȲʩؽⶾѩ 
档ˮ湦ǧ֪ҺˮƢˮˮ衣顣 
ˮˮ̶ء֮ʶ塣ȡ䲻ƢθҲ֮顣ȡ֮塣 
ν˵ǡȡʥøˮϸ֮Լˮߡˮ¶һˮһ 
ˮ¶ھνΪơΪꡣΪߡˮΪҲΪߡΪˮҲˮΪҺڡ 
Ϊˮ²ºԡˮˮѭ֮֮ԪȡԼҩ 
֤ڿߡȡ֮˺ 
ʮμȪδᡣѪ߷֡ݩ֭֡Լһ롣ͱ 
ݩ֭·ݩʺθʳֹѪɢѪ´ּ¼Ů 
ʪʢߡʯÿ絭ͷǮʺͺλݴü鷽̵òߡ 
Ƕһ롣󻯶ּЧǼȥ֮Ҳһͯ 
֤Լҩʱֹʱ˽̷һסÿһöʮö 
ȥ֮һ 
ʮġ¼ҭôȥëϸСˮ롣롣ټˮ롣롣³ 
һÿضڡʮϴСԻ̡̻֭ˮþհ롣 
ˮ֭ͬɹڡ롣«֭С롣«ʱ«ӼȡŨ֭áͬ롣¾ 
֭С롣²֭С롣¸֭С롣С롣ӨͯС롣ԼΪ 
򡣽ȡ һ롣һ롣ţһ롣ԼһΪ򡣳ɸࡣɹڡ 
һʱÿһסˮˮܽߡϡʺ 
ʳʳһ¡÷˷̵ȥӪϵںԪشش 
֤֮ʹ԰ҽԻ쵤ھԻΪ֮ߡСҲС 
Ѫ󳦽׽Һԡᡣǰɬ¼Ȳͨط档ҭʳ¡ 
¶ҲָҭΪѪҺ¡֮Ǵ޼¡˷ƷľŨҩ 
νܱθθ䡱֮塣 ֮ġǷ 
ʮ塳νľͨζࡣкĻСݽƸʵ΢δڳ 
δѯľͨͨݡ֮ͨݡͨľľͨζʵ֮ͨδ֪ʵ֮ľͨ 
ζӡνǿҩⲻ֪֮ζ塣ľ֮ͨζǡҶҽ« 
ԻԳ֪֮ࡣԸ˹֮ľͨľͨԼѸ˶áԡһС 
ؼľͨҩС첻֮԰׸ࡣ羫״кŲʹ϶ˡоľͨߡ֮ 
ʮ㡣ء¡ÿǣƩ繥¶й֮ 
ءϽ֮ݡϼȿա֮а롣˽֮ҲƩ緢֮Ͻء 
֮ϼȿա֮Ʀ֮ҲʶϽ֮ʥ 
۽ؼƦ֤ѩӡ˸ѧɽ˺ƪҽ޲ӯ 
Ϊ׼ơ±ءҲƦơҲжλг 
ȡӯ߱˱顣߱˱سҽ֮ƫȱס仯ġӡͤҽ¬֮Ի 
顣תΪ˶ڶ⡣Ҳߡֱֱ¡Ҳӯ 
֮Ҳƴ˶Ϊں֮¼Ȳͨط档ϴתΪ衣± 
ͨн߲Ĳй߱顣 
ʮߡŨθ֮˵Գ֮νŨ߶Դ߶Ҳʹ߲ʼν֮Ũν 
ʪȡŨθŨ֮塣δҲ֤һ֬ĤԾ¡Իγ 
Ȼƽ˳θڡ֬Ĥճ塣ڳθ֮ܡ˸ȶ¡¶θ֮֬ 
Ĥûʪȡȥ˸֮Դ֬ĤԾɽθ֮ڡνŨȻθԭһͨ 
θθǳڪɻԡ³δθҲйγδйθҲҳп޼ 
ʪȽš׼⡣а֬ĤСҷ֬Ĥ³θ󡣲عۡʪȡδ 
߼ʡ֬ĤҲǻŨθ֮˵֮θ֮δҲ¼ԻθŨȻ 
Ũθ֮˵ϵ˻֮Ǳ¼֮Ҳܳθ֮ʪȡʹθ͡ν֮ 
֮ܳʪȡʹ֬Ĥ˸ȶ¡ν֮Ũ֪һֲ侫ǡ 
ٹ簴ŨೢΪ֮ǻƽ̼͡ճĤ丽֮ܰ͹ܡʹܰ 
ֳӵֿ֢֮Ч֮ԭΪγ漰־ϾʹܰԴ 
һҲá˳֢֮Ҳܡܽϳ֮Ҳ塣 
۳޲ġҲ۴ˡƷŨΪ Ҫҩ֮ʡѻȻӡ 
ʮˡǧԡ˺ûʹʴҹ֮¡ʶ֮ʴδƽʱؼʳ 
˵֪߲ࡣΪԡݡÿ糿ǵҲһʳ֮ڳݷ졣ҹˢϴ 
һྡȥơҹ 
ʮšռ÷ҭԻ˲⡣ڡ䡣ȡʵ顣ҩȡЧ 
˲Ե˼ŭڡ֤Ϥ򼲺ƽ֮ü֮ڡĿ֪֮ 
ɫ֮򡣶֪֮֮ķҩԲЧ˼ԭ֣䲡Ҳ꾩ʦһʿ˼ҡд 
֤Ȱһ¡ί֮ˡҩüЧǡ䲻ܰݴ˽䡣֮ư 
ĻѨҩԱơɷ򡣸вӡԴȾżΡ 
鲻֡Ϊ֮Ϊ˼䲡ҩԿ¬л˵ȲȾ 
Ρܵ׻Ȱ侲ƹ֮ġ²һֽҲھ̸֡ 
סΩ߸ߡʼԶ 
ʮ֮ʺͺλݴü鷽һС¼Թ³ѧǳ 
֪ٴһ֮ϲ̸ѧˡνڡζһȴСҲ 
ڲۡȻ鷽Ի֤ȶߡðҩʳ֮Ρƫ 
ߡҩ֮Ω֮ɻ졣ҵסڰ֮Ĺȥɫ֮ 
˽ġ峿Ѽ𡣣Ѷ˯۶ҡ롣첽ζ 
ֹ֮ȥ֮ٲһ㡣СصϢݡȻʱԿ 
Һ泩Ϊ顣֡ǳԲΪסԡҪء֮¡ 
湦֮Ը֮ϣӡͽҩϢͽкٹ簴ȷ𡣶˥ 
֮ʧ֢ЧȽݡΩʱ䡣ų֮ͬϡ֮עⵤ޷Ϊų 
ԾҲõʱֳ顣ӷڶͬʱáȻٶޡ 
󼲡ҵӦΩĳзšҵ𲡻ÿճľ⡣ʱ 
ķ估顣ı֮󷨡ʵС޲񬡣ͽҩʯڪмա 
ʮһҽసһʮꡣϷ̨¡Ż¿ˮʢ֭֮Ի˵Ҳ 
֭㾡ӡµʴʯ䵨һֹ֤֪Ρ첻ȡ 
ʮ֤ᡣҩءҩ֤ء֤ҩءҲһˡŻ¡ 
ͷѣʳҽҩ¡衣ʯ׹иɡɰޢڳ֮ࡣ 
ȼתطʳʹݾԡϢ١һҽνѪݾա֤κӡ 
ϸ֮Сж֮ϸѯʡ䲻󡣶ʱжԾΪѶ衣Ѹ֮ҩθ 
ֶȰͣҩŴӡθƽ֮ԿӼ 
չº󡣾һСԭСҽȴһ¡֮֮ѵ֮ߡֹҽҩٹ԰ 
ҲϾҩ֮ 
ʮ һͷһƯӴݩһĸˮӡ˷ַѩ 
ѩ԰ŷѡעעԻξʡٸʹйֹʹӰ졣Ӣ¼Ի ҩҲ 
̵ʳԾơ临ƯῪ֮ѫҲƦʹ  
աƵȲԿá֤֮಻Ͷߡá֮ࡣ޲Ĭ 
Ч ˮɡ֮ԻΪˮ̵֮ɻˮߡΪ̵֮רҩԺɢᡣ 
ÿϲ֮˥֮塣ʪʤ֮ҲСᲡڻʢ¿ڳᡣߡ 
ѩЧ 
ʮġԻȡڽڽǶҲ̫עڽνк 
֮Ҳظ¹ꡣ־ڱͷڽҲԻǰߡڽ֮ۡ 
ǰҲΪڽ֮ۡڽҲԻ˼Ըá⡣뷿̫ڽ 
ݡΪ˽ھ塣뷿̫䡣мΪڽݾ䡣Ҳ˽ 
ڽ֡ҲθλйϺڱǡº֮ùϷǻ 
עӡ֮Ǻ߾ڡǰ߾סŶա 
ȡּ֮ͽմմڲ׳ɿѡ˼ѧٹ總ע 
ʮ塳ҽԻ°ԹȪţơˮ֮֮ǾǾ 
ҲƩǮ䴢СȻǿԳ벹ƢθԴҶҽơ˵Ѫ֮Ͼߡ֮ 
ζּθ˲СδͶ֮԰ϡǲ Ũ֮ƷȻθƢ 
侫 Ũ֮Ʒ嵭߱侫Ϊ׶ϲ֮侫Ҳ벹ƢθԴ 
ߡʳҺܳѪҲ 
ʮϻԾѲβѪΪ֤Ž湦麮֤֮򵱲 
Ҳһա¶СʹŻһ衣Żתйкഽ̦׻ 
һɬ ʹŻйкˬΪĴʯڽ̿Ӻ˸ʲݵ֮ƷŻֹʹ 
¶Сٶʹкֹθڲ÷ԪθѪС 
θɹȡɫཥתΩСпȭ󡣲ʱʹ˷´ 跨ǰȥĴʯ 
ӵƴɽסر档 棩ΪĩװƸࡣΪ衣ͩӴÿǮ 
齥Сʹཥͨ澭ѡ֤ѪϳθθߡΪ 
֤֮һ弱֤רȻѸѪС֮úϳҩ 
跽ҩԹܡκ֤ʳĳĳ֤֮ʧΰ롣˹С鲡 
ҩ֮ѵ 
ʮߡˮũˡ໼۽šŷ硣ɳľȡһײѰ۽š⡣ 
ԡʪ֮аϮܳҲʲؿ˶ʹ׳ȡ㡣 
ôаúۡಢɱˡڡʹú ͷݩͬ塣ٹ 
ȡ̵ǮҩϳɷۣܼɢΪѳߡԻưأƳĩ 
Ư廯ӴȻ֭ȷ衣̶éǮɼľٻŨƤһƵϴ 
±֮±ʪȡɢ綾ϴƷ缰۽ҲһȷȼɲӼ˼ʳ 
Ӽꡣ 
ʮˡʡСʡ׹ѪδŻ֡Ϊƶ 
ԭ֤跨Ե֤ȡ硣൤պ֮Կ֤֮̿Ѭ֮˽ 
ԿڽٹԲ֮ͯࡣ֤ʩΡٹѡȻƹҿҲײ֪Ҵ㡣 
ȡɲ֪ŷ׸ԼΪߴҲ֮С·;䵹ߡ֮Ȼ跨 
Ρɾ˵·;䵹֮ˡҩ֮һɢҲϼԻ 
ҡɱˮءݴˡֹء 

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ԣһҽաѧʶªӡءʮˡ񲻴⴦ˡǳϦӦ 
Ϣʱ޾˼顣ܲҲӼơǬ¡ꡣͬչڷŲռҡ 
ղ顣һ겻ϢȻؽѦ̿ĿϤաԳԡ 
ӡ޵ԻҲ鷽Զ֮Ṱ߶ˡĪҾһҽӡ 
ԻҲɢ֮βáԶ෴ĪҾԻһɢа 
֮έܹ֮աͶԽ֮ȻѦΪһ֮ҽֻԴҴһδϸ󡣲 
֮ԡΪѡҽ²Ѻաసδӡ 
ͷʹࡣβЧޡϸ֪ΪСضƤڡȥϸӡΡ 
ӡǹҽ֤Ҫꡣ˹롣㴦ҩҲ 
̩ˮơҩϵľ Ȳˮߡϡݷˮ֮Ϊ¶ 
֮ΪҩʤҩߡҩȸɼȾáʧԡóΪơ޶ࡣҩΪζʲȫ 
ʧ䱾ߡɢ֮δơȻ֮ƷòԻ֮ʳ 
һԻ𻯡áԻڻϸʡԻθ䴫θʳ䡣ʡθ 
Ҳθȱϡ˴ƢƢ֮Ϥӡ˷ɢߡߡѪ 
澫衣塣Ӫνߡʳ֮ҲԽͨ޴ɡڴ 
ɡɢԸҩϳɡѺġܱθƢмΡϤ׹ѡ 
¶ǾθƢѳ΢áΪϷ֡óŨƴ󡣲 
վ֮ζ ƺɢáƫϡҩ¶ȡᡣݺġθʤҩߡ 
Ϊˡ֮˵𻯿ڻؾۡθһԡζʳҩθȫθ䴫ҩ 
βȨⲡθء˹˼С֮ɷҲ財θδˡΣءô 
ɡˮнɼ¡һζȵʵΪѭˡȻ򲡻θˡ۲ᲡءС 
审ɽתԲθˡҩθ䴫Ʃˡǿء䲻߼ϣ 
ҩ¶Ϊ֮ƷݺġθʤҩߡΪˡ˵ɡԪԻ 
θ֮ҺҲƢ֮ѪҲ֮澫ҲҺΩ֮Ʒ֮ζճ 
֮ﲻ֮Ѫˮȡǵݲܻ֮нҺѪࡣҺ塣Ѫ  
Ũӡھڡν򡣹עڹǡй󡣲衣Ƥ 
νҺ֪ҺϡҺΪ ŨӡνߡࡣδҲ֮ھơ 
¼⡣ƤΪΪҺҺСߺھ 
ơϽζѬë¶֮ȡν¶ȡнߺ֮ 
ˮ֮ӡƫʤࡣǻҲƫ 
ʤˮĲΪ̵Ҳ¶¶ˮС弫塣ݺġ书 
зҩܼ̩νθƢѳ΢νθʤҩߡΪˡȻƵƵ 
֮ҲйΪѡ֤ϸɬÿ֮Чھνߡˮע֮ 
ɬߡԾӿڱǳע죡 
ġʱߡڱܡֱеаļԭ͡ΪڰߡӸ֮ࡣ̻ꡣ 
Ŀࡣָ䡣𡣶졣䡣費֪ˡ֣ЦͨѪ 
Ϊ塣Ϊ߽⡣߷ڳθ֮䡣򼡷䲻ɵö֪Ϊ֤ 
ӡ 
塳̵Ϥ֭һ֭ķ֮һ۰뱭ϸĩһǮʢһʱʳ 
̵籼˷׼ɡʺаϮڷΡйν̵顣 
̵ԽҺҲȻ̵֮ɬߡ̵ͨɬת 
֮ӡ̵̵֤֤ҩ󽥾̵֮ӡҽաвʹ 
ѪɢѪҩʹټһԻ̵֢ҲԻʡƽδ̵ͽ 
ѪвʹԻ̵ھ䡣ڷΡʲԡ಻ϳơΪ̵Ϊʵ 
̵ҲѪسһɬҲɫ಻ơǰҽѪߡ߹ԡɫΪݶô 
߶öض顣ʵʲݡǰһǮĸǮʱкһΡ̵ 
Ѫʹ롣ٷ̵ʹȫֹв಻кǰ̵кҲ̵ʲк۴ˡ 
ﲡʡֵɫϲΡ߲֮ԡΪּν̵θʼܴӿ³ʼ 
ܴк 
ߡԻζζ޶ݡ㡣ǿӾ¬Ű 
Իζȫնء潵֮ߡò㡣϶˳֮ߡ 
ھơšʹ˼Ҳ˲½֮㡣벹֮β෴ܽ 
ǿǿ澫֮аࡣ޳ڡݵȫĻд 
Ϊ񡣵ú˽⡣δⲡ顣Ըءζ֮ܡڽ롣 
ߡΪӡǷͳ֮֮֮֮ԭϼڷΡ¹ 
һΪҲ϶аزֱ֮ܳ 
ͬ󶬵á塣֮һʮһν顣ߡ 
ҲԺɢ֮·ʧ併֮ɢ顣֮򲻲ض𡣴˼ʲζ 
Ӷ˭úζշաԲɢ֮֮ܶӡȻҩ 
һҩ֮ܡ۷ҩ֮ࡣҩȻԼζӷ䷲ɺζ֮ڽ롣 
ߡáѡִ˵ҩɡִ˵۷ҪŨС 
ʯȷ֮ζӡ˵첻ͨⲻ֪βҩÿʵ顣ʵȺ֮ 
顣ʵʵһζɢһζɢһζҲζϸ֦ҩСζ 
ҿʰҩСζʯɽҩСζСָʲ 
ҩСӡǱɢҩζӲڹɢҩζӸ併 
ҩζӺȲٽ򡣰ҩζá۶֮ζڱʹй 
ȻԸɷǾҩҲζ֮塣Ӽķ߸ζ߸ζ߸ 
ζӽ߸ζӽӴСζӸ֮ɢ֮ 
ܷԽа׶˳ߡ֮Ҳ½ЮҲȳӡ 
ʲй֮Ȩ֮ζӡķȥΩ֦ζοȥˮ 
סθȳ档ζȻʹ塣߸Ϊ֮ߡղҲ֪һ 
ҩһҩ֮ܡһҩ֮ࡣʶҩԡܴʶ塣ҩҩȻһζӡԼ 
ζӷ䷲ʷ֮ڽɴա 
ˡ󰲱֤ζɽͬáΪʴԻ˺зܼζӸɽ 
ޱҮԻơƢɢϹڷΡǹʿβԴʵƢΩƢɢϹ֮塣μͨ 
ˮ֮ࡣοȡ̵֪ⲻ֪塣̵ƢߡҲɽ 
ƢΡο֮··塣֮Դӡζʹ¹ǿ֮ȥ·ȥ·塣ཱུӡ 
ԡΪһһءءΪضֽҺСС 
ɢ߽֮֮ޱҲ͸νɽζշ֮档ǻ 
֮Ҳ԰ʵ֤ζɽǻ֮ҲѹζʼӸɽϸɽΪҩ 
֮ʡɽΪҩʥӡ֮֮ͬζҩղ 
Ҳζͬɽ߷п֤ͬɽ߶֤ȶ䲻ͬɽ 
ͬáηΡζ塣ȻһΪҲημ 
ηΡ򲡴עڷΡԻڵػСζɽáڷ죡Ի 
ѷζ塣ˡζ䷽ʤһһӡ֤ζáڵν 
ڵػ衣Ƣʪ﷽һһᡣһһζɽƢʪ˷ͷηҲز 
ƢζƢʪ˽ηҲν˷Ԫ硣Ү 
۹ȫѰ塣ͽմմĳҩĳĳҩĳӡ 
šǮˡѧһָݼ׫ʮ֡䴮һ֡ࡣԲҽ 
ν߷ֳֻ̡ʳҲһԻšΪ֮绷ۡϡ衣תҡ֮ 
ഫʼοɽ껢ںΡôڻڡΪȥ֮˴С 
ġԶءȡ顣ȫҩԻԻҩ¡ҩк⡣Ի 
ءؾҲȻҽԶΪ󷨡ĩоŶʮʮصĿ⡣о֡ʮ 
ܰιȻФơÿȡֶСɴΪǳн֮Īˮ 
ףɡꡣб䲡ԼƢľ¶Աϡɢͫȡĸ֮ 
Գ޴ ֮ǡǽðɰֶަִʮ֮ࡣ 
кϱⶹűӾ񲡣ɢ֮Բţ֮ľֲʡ 
ɲټ֮ĶˡȡڡΪ϶֮Իšʵ档¹ 
Ҳν価ɾ䲻ܾ֮䴫ǡҵҽ߲ɲ֪зɢ 
ߡڱкϼƺ׵衣Ϊη֮淽ơ 
ʮżԫҽһ䲡ﰸһ·䷽֮ 
˶֤ҩЧġ䰸ԻҼճ׶ʹֱ̫ȡִؾ 
Ƚ¡ʯǮһǮǮʲһǮɡɽ١Ƥ̡߷֡ 
ۡڡһǮ롣ʹȫ 
ʮһഫʿҶζһӲաҽ֡ȡʮšϡתշ֮ 
ȼסǴ顣ҹŭֳڼмһɣ§֮ŭŤ 
Ź֮Ի긾ƤĤ䡣ͱղܳؼ֮ʹŭҹᷢӡѶȻ 
һˡ׳껼աȡʺɡԴȵͿ㡣Խ޼ʸѰ䡣ѳӡ 
֮һ䡣ղĸ˱ȡ֮档˼áÿСŮӡҹ 
ʼ֮ѱ塣顣ݶáܷԷҲ䡰֮֮ΡѰּ֮ڡת 
շߡҲ֮ʹŭߡҲͿԼʸߡҲÿ֮ߡѪҲзֱ֮ɡ 
¼֮ɷ֮ 
ʮԫջǡ¡겻ػߺ黬Ի񬡣ڱ 
괺١һȬʹʡԻԻ㷥͡Ϊʪ̵֤Ҳڳ߲Ϊ 
Ϊղ֮򡣶֮ղءʵΪһǿ֮ʱйԪҲ 
ҽ߽ࡣЧ֡԰Ͽǻ ΪĵöΪĸθһΪ 
һΪʹΪ衣˱衣֮ռҽβ޲Ϊ׼һ 
ʮѾ֮˰˱跽̼ѡ˺һ֮ھ¡νղءʹ־ 
䡣˽⡣еá֮١ߡҲߡټҲ˽ߡ 
¶Ҳеߡ躻ҲزؾҲж֮ղءȻ֮һζ 
֮ƩԴ֮ˮԿ 
ʮ׽ζ¡̵ð׽ĩͿ͵ѨͿʹ 
Ŀð׽ĩͿġ¡ùЧǡҴӿ֪ӡĩˮʳƷʳЩ١Ŀ 
齻ԿҺӿ֪ӡٴݾơ̵ᡣ̵ߡȻ 
ȡס̵ߡɡҽһ֤֤֮ 
Ǯԭ̵ⲻ֪֮Ʒ˸Һٽ򡣺亦ೢ¿֤ð׽ӡ 
Ѫ졣ʹơйڰ׽ߡ˶ι׽ֺ죡ݾƷξ 
߼áδ֮Ү 
ʮġ֤Դ첡顣ҩζζ벡ԡšд 
ɡФ˶ֹҲǧ֮Сһ֮Բзıܽ˵ѧ 
ѡߡ׼ʾѧνĳһĳĳһĳҲŷ 
ӡܾǡܾǡδܱͨ档֦һӹ֦Ի֦ӹҩ 
Ի֦ҩȥҩԻ֦ȥҩ֦ʲݶζԻ֦ʲҩʲݶζԻҩʲ 
ʲһζԻʲͷͷǵһɷΪɺΪһһҩ֮Լ 
ҩ֮ΪһȡһζζΪһҩ没Ϊתơ֤Ϊ︶ɡ 
һһӡĿд֤֮֮ҩҮκž·󼰻Ԫ 
ڡ֮һ㡣ԹŷΪáдƺζҩһʤͽѣ 
ʮ塳 ϢԻϢ֡һ硣ϢǰΪࡣһΪࡣʱϢ 
ǷҲϢͲͨǴҲϢ޽͡벻ϸҲʱ 
᲻֡ࡣʳڡ鱧ԥáϢҲطɢش塣͡ϢܡǰΪ 
ϢΪϢϰԵϢΪšʹġءȨҲϢϢͬΪ⡣Ϊ⡣ 
ίޡҡϢĶĶϢϢ֮֮ܶ컯ϢݡνϢϢ 
֮Ҳһ΢ʳšΧ֮ڡν֮Ϣν֮Ϣν֮Ϣ컯 
ر֮ԪҲԴѧԴ˴˱ǳϳ֮ ʦСֹСϢ˵ 
ͬ ҽҩԪڹڡصϢνҩƲ书ȷסǱޡ书 
Ϊ湦ĪȻϢ֮Ч֪֮֮ס϶֮ҲȻ 
ǿҲҩԪڹءС족Ϣ͡޿ھ洫ɸݷԲ÷ 
򡣶¼ߡӸҡ ޻ܡ񡣸Ѫ롣ȻȻ 
Ϲҡ˶ּΩʦѵĵ洫Ϊйޱסٹ 
ѧ𡣶дӺߡʦָʾδΪǿȴƿɰϰԼ 
ϸ컺ΪҪẼ˿ϡҽԺٻ־ʾβ 
һ顣͸硣䷨һͬߡһΪ֮ҡó֮̿һ衣Ժ 
ΪʱܺķСЧΩܾ֮ʽࡣڲΪѡ 
ûҮʱϪ֮סѧδ 
ʮ쳽ա֤аȱ⡣ء˷ʯ⡣Ϊ֮ 
һתҩ󡣴ʴ󺹡ϯʪΪа׻֤Ҳ׻һ 
չС۽߸ۻء򲡴䡣̦ڡ㲻⡣ظ 
Ӳʹɬģ塣ʱʱʡԻ˺ԻϯϸѯˡС㡣 
ǺҲԻӡСࡣա˵֤⴦Ӫδ͸ 
׻ѪӡȽѪ֤֤С㲻ͨҲƼӡ֮Ρ˼֮ 
ϬǵػҺ˳֮ڴôװ賴ڡոѱ͸ӡҩѶġ 
뱭ظʹ̡丸֮һĿɿ䡣֫ʽԡȻ˿֮ҹ롣󺰡 
ڷۡĿԶر϶ء˼Իա 
ŶʮࡣԪ㡣ҩаսһսݡȻһȥӡȫ 
ҽ½ζաʳ¡ͷʹȡǽڷۡظƦҽҩ֤֮δ 
ʹһҽбͷʹʹƴ˻ʹ¡¡½ɬɫưס 
̦Һڡظ¼ӲʱȡҹˡСˮ㲻ͨѪ֤ҲҺ˳ʺ 
̡겻áĸʹҩ½֪޷Ȼ˵ղšĺ 
ýǡ¥ϡҹ롣Ų丸ЯǰЦνԻʲŴ㡣ȥڷ ѪԼɡˬ 
֮Ҳõ֮½֤ͬ಻ޡòΪҶӡĻ 
ʱˡԷҩʹ絶̡븹ʹ첻ʡ¡档ѣҩ˿ڸա 
ڴ֤ҩǴֿɼ顣ƴʡ಻ҩȡ 
Ϧ̲֮ࡣ첡顣Ըҽߡ档Ρ̽Ү 
ʮߡʥβ֮ΪȡۡΪĶ衣ʱβ߼١þжࡣһ 
ſɾҲ١ˡʢߡϲ˾ġʥ˺ơ΢֮ɾġΪ 
аΪȡ׷ʵѪɢС΢ڹ˽ѪѸҲ΢ء 
׷Ѫнǽ˶ơ֮ΪʵʵΡѪ 
ʵҲ֮ʵΡϼӻϱƶѪ׶Сӡ˶ 
䡣˺СȻרָ˺ԡԲ֤ҲκѪȡ˸ʹġ 
顣Ҳ粻֤ߡŮӶࡣԵҵߡŮ֮ࡣΪ֮˵ 
ء׸ԡΪ֮ǡ˾Ķظ׾ĶࡣҸԽϮ˵֮ 
ʮˡɽһʿˡѻƬҩˮ顣θʤ 
ƽʱδ̸ٿٵͺϡСҩˮСƵȰԵҩ 
ԵЧݡࡣЩҩЧߡġǷǰԵҩЩܵЧȰˡ 
ΪɵҩΪ»Īȡ΢ñʼơáջơðȻʢ֮ 
ݡ¡򾫻ӿϡӿ¶۴ˡҩ顣νΡҲ 
ʮšӡ͡˼ࡣ˳֮Ҳߡ֮÷δȷ֤ 
췽ԲЧԡ֤᷽޴󰭡ءҩҡ俰Ժ鷽±ࡣ 
ɶߡһࡣвӡо֮ҽδоҲȻƻϡѶʮ 
㼯УŲ롣˼֮ġԭ÷֮ˡԼȥȡ֮ 
ԡʫԲʫ֮ʫ̲֪֮Ҳһʫ֮ơϲֽѡ 
һ֮ơвʤߡ鷽вơ֤֤෴ΪƶԸ 
ɾɾ֮򲻿ɾڷϸע֤߿á߲á߿Զ֤췽 
Ͷ֮죡 
ʮѪÿˮΡ˱ѪȻԼ˶໼֮ҹɰʳöҲ 
֮˱Ѫγ档ݳ̥ܹѪӡ˵ڲӼ¼ɡ 
ʮһ½ӡʧҽδ顣ЧڳлТ˾Ի˳֤ҲΪ 
ɱ淽ᡣ鼹Ѯȫʧ֤ʵ֮;ΪҽбһҲ 
ʮ˼ҩзȡҩʤ塣ҩζʤĻ塣ֻͷ塣õڶߡ 
ȡҲвͷ塣ֻõڶߡȥͷ塣ɸʵ֮ζθ΢Ƣ 
Ϊ֮ؾ顣ּҩ˸ҩֱ˼幥˼岹档˼ȡ˼д෴ߡƩ 
ƺ衣䲻ˡҲ 
ʮի ƽ̫ˡ䡣껼ʹҽЧҽ 
ֲԡһϦǿ¡ٿΪƱΡꡣƿʡԻơҲ硣Ҳ 
ͨᲡǺƺз衣һ¶ҽıݹԪ־ 
ʱ̩ԻҽߡիիƻΪ׼ӺԺ 
·没ԷԱ֡ǹի顣ҽѧ⾫֡ի 
顣ƪ顣⡣ɱ̸顣Ѽի顣ի 
šɼӽѡΪիӡߡӿڶ¼ɱҲ 
¼󡣣իѧʡ·񡣵·ơԷ֮׶ιЧøɽ 
ĳڣһ˲һ賴һƤǮ賴һǮ賴һóƤǮ 
һǮ賴һкǮͬһСǮͬһƹֽǮͬ 
һһһ賴һǮͬΪĩռΪ衣ͩӴÿ֤ 
ء֤͡кվáô˲ƢθǮͣһմԣɻǮɫΪ 
ĩ˪ȷɻޢԪ麮ຮйкⶹޢУߣ 
ľ㣨һǮɽݣӣиǮΪĩ֭Ϊ衣¡ͨɢ ӡиʹ 
ǮƤǮΪĩΪ衣Խʮ衣 
ʮġԱ没֤֮˳档֮ӡǲӦΪ˳ӦΪ档ʮ 
Ϊ֤֮ҪĲʦѵԻòСϸһ縡 
߳߸вΡòгͻ߾ҿɫ󡣴˾Է档 
ӡһڡʵġƿ졣ƽ˵úͻΪ޲֮˲롣Ӧô֮ 
ΪԪ֮󡣹ʾҲ澫òСν޲ߴɡǴ⡣ 
ʮ塳ζػԻҽѧǣݶ١ʲò  
ݡƽÿ϶¡ζػƶɽҩζŨߡ 
澫к֮ʵ֮½߶͡Ƥ֮Ժ߶ȡƤ֮帡 
ȡζ֮к̲֮Ҳ֮гƤζ֮еƤҲ ʲݡ̵ػɽҩ 
Ҳ䲻ͬͨҲ۷ľѦիרζζ 
ͳʧִ֮ʹ塣޹Ϊ̥԰ڮۡիÿζζ 
βի֮šիԻա֤򡣻ȻͨνԻ 
իʦҲϧࡣ̲ѦʡȻԡ´ȥ񡣼Ӷţϥ 
ԡζ֮ҩƤĻλк֮𡣴ǰߡֻɽҩ 
ߡءˮƢ֪իܱͨҩִλ 
ʮЪֹΪɡ˾֪֮Ȼ̵ʳС˻СЪֹ޴󰭡 
֮ʱЪֹҲիơӲ˺˼Ъֹߡ㽫֮סΩ¶Ъ 
ֹɽԻЪֹн֡ߡٶֹҲѪδ㡣Э 
г֮󡣻ֹٹһ䡣ȫԴӡߡֹҲٿܵб 
֮ơһֹٹѪȻӡ˽Խδ֮ʱʼƣ֮󡣴 
Ӳ˺ӹҽΡᲡءȻδˡ֮Ԫ˵֮ 
֮Ѫȫ֮˥򲡺Ъֹ֮Ҳɼ 
㲻ЪֹΩŻһ֤θСθ֮³ʱƽ̿͡ɱԪȼ 
ЪֹѾ¡Ϲѷҩθزɡ֪ǡ١ 
׺ĿΪ֮סիԡǺƽмЪֹΪ 
ʮߡ䡣ΪɾҩҲÿִָָ֮벻 
䡣Զϲ֮ٲʧһָָ֮¡ߡؿҽзᡣ 
ָָ֮¡𡣶ƽߡΡիơòݡ⡣  
°Դ˴θθҲԾݽֲ֮ɲ֪ 
ʮˡʫ举η֤Ρɵö־衣˸η粻ֱ 
ԡܽߡðӻ󶬸ʲŮĵðľϹʯ˿ 
ȳΪΡ˼ʱǣнʹ쳣ҩ 
ɡʺʱٷϼ䶯ʹ졣ֻüӻöˮ밢Ǯ 
µʹſҩᡣº󾹲ӻƷʥ˺Ի 
֮ϡзԡֱ֮̿֡һйȡһ 
ȥķԿɵҲڱаʼຮ֮ҺԽȡ 
ӻƶζѪ顣ζŨϨ硣ҺͼЧ˹ơҩõͨ񡣡աͨ 
ĿӻΪ顣д󶨷С׿ʶŷüӻơҩȡͬߡ 
ÿȼˮȡ䲻ǡӻһɫʿݶζ֭ζмҲ 
ʮš֤ľԿ͡ΪƷȻܡζʵ֤֤ 
ںʪȡʪճ͡ԼľʹͨҺδʼɡֽ֤ľ 
Ϊҳ㷹޷á筶⡣Ȼ̸òѡȡĿˡΪ 
ҽҲҡ⡣ͨԡǼƷ֪Ǽ֮ơǼһ 
һҡࡣζ֮йܡνľҩڡҽľ 
֮Ʒ֤¿˵֮һ˻ࡣʳŻǰͳƷľǮøʺθ 
ʯ˲ʯȡֹŻ̷פ跨Գ߼ľ㡣֤Զľθϳ塣 
ʮھԻߡ֮ɡԻߡ֮֮ҲǹĲаа 
֤֮ߡİѪҲǰΪ֮ǡѪΪ֧֮а衣аѪ 
衣֮аǳ֤֮ءа硣ĽϽȫȻ֪¡Ѫ 
ѪĽԶʺܾ֮֮ԡ֪¡˯ķżӡаѪʧζ 
ߡǳҲаڰ硣ε䷨ѪߡǳҲаʢ񡣲ת롣 
Ѫ롣ֱİߡȻʡ֤ס򲻹һա򲻼һʱСֱ 
ڷġļ˺ּ 档ν֮ھδʹ󡣸аѪ 
вÿ֤ҽδʶʡ߶ҲηаѪߡͨùִ֦̫ӡ 
ʪ֤аѪʢ֤֮ù֦ʹҩҲδʼڴˡֻ 
ͨù֦Сơ纮аʪߡù֦ 
ϰδìܡԷ纮а֮һȡ԰ʪȻʥ˺ 
֮ ѱ֮ӡ˴αԷ纮Ү֮֮ͨ˶ԴҲ֦ͨѪ֮ա֦ 
֤ˡȡѪ֮Ʒ¡նѪ֮ӡҽȡִ 
ͨù֦֮˵֤챧нȻΪ֮ΪȱҲ 
ʮһ̸سʮꡣиëµƬ̡˾¡ʮ¼ 
ⲡɡϥнͻ޾ȡٴ̳Ѫɻ˪ѩཥɱν߼ǰ 
аʢֱİ硣ڷ֤֮ԺΣڼҲＰͩ 
ļ½ơʮ󺵡ʮʮ꿺ͨġݴݴˡ䲡ȶѪֿ 
֪˪ѩɱ̽Ѫ˿ɻҲ̽ѪߡơѪʵ˾ּ֮֮Ҳаǳɫ 
к졣ٴ̳ѪѪɶл·ΪѪѼݴ֮Ѫ಻Ϊ޾ȶ֤ʶȻ 
ɬģٻҩ൱Ѫʵ˾ּ֮֮ͨѪΡʹѪɶ 
ڷ·Ϊ÷ȶù֦ͨ򲻿ɡʱ̸֤ߡ 
׺ڽ䡣ϥȴѪߡ̸ؼҶࡣΪǳ֮ݶ 
ʮǱҽǬ¡ʱƷšҦ䲡ʹءŧѪ̶нϳһΡ 
Ի˷ǶϳҲϳ¶ͷش١¶Ͽڡرնš֮ߡ 
ֱܽҮҳȶӡ̻֮ŧѪҮ֪˳ڻճ֬ 
ࡣճ֮һҲǼνҲˡάϵΪаѹ¡Բпաƺʵ 
Ҳ԰֮ظ泦öϡ֮˲֮ϸҾ羵档θ 
޾ӡա⡣һڶʮͬһ֬Ĥζ¡Ϊ֤֮ 
ʮҩθ˵ѪڼΪѪԲڶҲвײ롣 
ȳ֮ҩŨ֮ʹв˻벡෴θСҩСϪ 
ĿˡۻƼ֮˵Ҳ׾屾ڶԡҩβȨⲡθҲ 
ҽҲҡҩɿѡϪһ¼ںΪɡա񱡣в 
¡ʹŻ¡ʼᡣҽÿԲ֮ڶ֮ԻҲࡣΩͨ 
Ϊϲ²ɼ񱡣ӡҲ֮¡䲡󷢡ʹŻ档ƣ롣ҽ 
θϳ塣̵ʹ硣֫΢ҽӲθҩһڡ絶ġ 
ӻԻҽˡ˲˹ءвЧԻҩʵ 
ܡʹٻʹࡣĶʹʹҲ롣̵աת󷲸 
֮Ȼ֮Ҫ֪в֮ҩڶ֪ϲв֮ҩ 
֮ʷҩǿߡ벡ΥҲھơٲ㡣β֮Ҳ 
ơҩѣʼ񬡣ָаƻԡһҲ˰Ӣ¼עơϪҽ 
©һʿ̿ʼ֪֮㲹ԡ¼ڴˡϪҽΪӢ̡֮ۻ 
һ顣ıʼࡣߡȻ۹顣鴦ƽͨʦ 
ʹ汾ŴӡرαҲ 
ʮġʳɻ֮ЧëߡİƼǮ廢šء 
Ǯ֮ĬƲ졣˾ܶӶʳ⡣͡оһʯ丹 
ݡϵ¡ʳ񤡣־СҲ֪һ˻Цֹ 
óºɫ֮֡һͻ롣֮˴ŭߡȥɵá 
ҹ𡣼ѡ˲Ƣ㥡ŭԸʤ֮Ҳƾ顣ùʥβ 
һؼŭƢʹͶ֮Ҳھּ֮֮Ҳ 
ٹ簴իҽ塣ơ԰ߡֻ˶ѡ˶С 
ľ̰汾Ҿ޹ӡ ڡ¼ҽҩ±һšעʰϵ 
ϵӡ®֪ԨԴҲ 
Ϻ󱲡ɢ塣ûΪϧ®֮š 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣߡдĿ֮Ρް֮ʡơϡü֮Ҳظ֫ʺΪɫ 
Ƭסɫɫ߲Ρ 
ߡп֮׶֪֮Ҫȡû컺Ķˡ 
ʰע ֱ θڷΡ˺ʧʧ塣аθ ˺֢ ࡣ 
Ҳ  麮両Խ޸֮ڶ ΢ɫײҲ 
²ʱϮʱаӷܡӪ֤֮аϽʧʧ 
֮ʡӪ͸ֱ֮ա ֮ηȻͬ 
ַ亹⡣ơŻɡ궯 ֮ 
ʰעаڡ¡궯ߡа֮ס ֮ʱкȶ 
кơֹɬ󡣼֮ʱкаҲ ͨйΩ 
Ϊ׺ 
а񺮷ȡʹе ̦׶ߡԾܶɢɢ֮ 
¶Ŀ筡򡣷Ϊ ɷҩɢɢ 
 Ϳ졣ѪѼаӪͨ 
ʯܽȡ 
ʰע㱻ȶơ֮а ͸ 
 ֤˺а̫ĻҺڡʱй⡣̦ҺڡĺΡȡƳ 
ʶ塣֣Ца̫ ڷͨѪ͸ ̳ϲ 
޼ϬǶ֮ࡣ Ȼ͸塣 
ʰע̫Ϊʪ֮ࡣƢθа״롣Һ̫ʪҲа롣ֶ 
ʱȡΪа顣Ͷ̲ 
;ˡ⡣е 㡣ʹķȡͬ󡣻ڶ󡣾뵡ԡ 
ԺΪ졣Ͷ˯ֹ 
ʰעЮ΢аòа 
 зɢ⡣ ΢󡣰֮΢䡣 
׻֡ˮ˻֮Ը֤ʩΡ䡣ка ݡ 
ЮС ͸΢ֵ 㡣ϸ̦ɫԲ󡣣ɫԲ 
֤Ҳ·¡ʶէէ ͸Ҳ˲Ρ硣  
ҳ߳΢䡣ʲˮ˲ΰζͶ֮һ䡣 ˡ 

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<ƪ>
ԣϮа̷ߡ֮аʯӽ۹ţ֮ 
®עаܷ纮ڼ͸λܡױƷΣ֤ʯ 
Ρȼζɢ͸ 
¿̫־ʹơ淢󡣴𾣷ȡ̱ɴԪ 
ʽ۹«֮ࡣɳʯ󶬻֪ĸ潬֮θ 
®ע˽Юʪʺߡú֤͸ɢ಻˺ 
а 
Ѫȡɫ絤졣ҡϬصƤԪλ 
ƵȡԴС¶롣Ծȷθ 
аΡ̵ԡ֮֮ɣӽ۹˱Ƥͨ«֮ 
͸ƺʹߡ𶾲ܾҲͨǰɣ̴ 
ɱʽۻ«֮ 
 ͸аΡߡΣ֤Ҳ˼͸֮ 
®ע͸αաΣ֤֮ƴ󿪷ܾȡʯʲݻк 
Ϭǵ͸廯ΪΡ 
 аδ塣ֶȲֹߡ˸ʺɳصƤʲ֮ 
֮ˡаɹòɢԵ֤ú⡣úδ͸Բ⡣Ωм 
Һܵú͸ 
 ʪа֤֮ЮʪΪճ֮аǣǨаδԪˡ  
ɫ׵ϸ缡ڡֶ֮΢״ˮ߼ץ΢ˮߡʪҲ޶ڡ 
׳˾ŴΡаȲߡԪܻаΰ 
졣͸ ͸档ʪʹаȵˡ ɫɰ 
ݹǡ֤֮ҺߡаԪ֮ɢа֮Ҳ 

<Ŀ¼>¼
<ƪ>ɽɢС
ԣڹѧϲʼǡҽѧϲҽĵá򻰼šζҲҵẼҽ 
ʦҡʦҽԭּѾ͵顣Ŀɬ׳ҽΪΡνϯڻ 
ҽУڿ֮ϾżáֽīҽΪࡣѡɡҽ֮ĩ֪⹷β 
֮ڽ 
\xӼźٹ־ɽ®\x 

<Ŀ¼>¼
<ƪ>ɽɢ
ԣһТž֢״Ϊܶļ֮ѧ顣΢ܴ̼²ž֮о 
ࡣƽԹ֮̾ҩΪ¡žδȬ䳤֦ĵȳ֮ 
Դžסע˯ʳ˶ƷԿɽҺҽ 
ҽʱΪ֮Ҳμơʼҽ֡ﲡѡ 
첽ĵղԶ衣һáνž֦ĵٲ 
ЧνߡϺҩֵǱ֮ҲΪ˲һǮǮ롣 
Ǯ󶬸Ǯ롣Զ־һǮʯһǮȡ֭˸ʲһǮ˼־衣˼ž 
֮ضǮ̡һߡʶǮǮǮ롣ĵһǮǮ롣Ǯ 
һߡҩĩΪ衣ѪΪ¡ٱһ㡣ÿշΡˮ¡ȥϴʱ 
ѯɷáΪ֮ɾȥĵζ˼֮غһԴĵΪء 
̡ȡߵáҩĩΪ衣ơ̡κάסԺסڷڡ 
˥֮ҪҩԶ־ʡΪߵ֢֮רҩֹ֮ʡ 
ȥܺԴ˲ݽ޾֮顣Чϴ˷Ϊ˥߷ʳ֮ʡΨһֻ 
ʮֺҮ 
ϰʧߡ˥֮߾˼ǷȻʱ˯ޡַǳƣ 
ǿ˯гҹߡԻǰ˯ϰֻ˯Сʱһϰʱܸ˯ߡԻ˯ 
ϰռ롣ӡԻĿѣͷء˼ٶۡ롣ǿΪ֮ⶰٳ侫֮ 
озīߡʲҶ˹֤Ȥӡ˲ηֱ걾α 
衣һǮһϡʳαڹ衣ĵ衣 
ѡһ÷ꡡоЧ֢񾭹ܼעشʧ֮ҩƷ¡ 
ʱ첽¡񾭽ƣ롣а˯ 
Ⱦ˯˼Ϊռݡͷһ֮Դ֮ٷิ 
ǡҲ 
Ĭ˼˼Ҳ 
ǰ΢˶ʳ֭ˮϴšȥԲ֮ѪҲ 
Ըߡ 
ע֮ҹźˮƿȼɡҹ̫ 
ľơ˿ͨ 
ڲ˯ʱɵа֮ʫ衣Ȼ÷֮ٵײȡҲ 
κܻһ֮Ч 
û˥ʧߡڴĵáͬҩȷвиʧ֮ʹ 
ڲ֪ӡ 
ҽžʪֹɬ֢áЧᾭ顣ž÷ 
ưءɰʡʲݣòͶ֦ĵ֦֡ʲݡ档ǡĵã̾衣 
ĵáʵ⡣롣ɳԷ޼Ϊ´ιҩѧĵ¡ೢĵΪĩŻ 
ؽ֮䡣ԶֹɬЧ֮ǿҲνžߡ鷢֮žҲ 
ǡס㻤ٷʴ󡣰ס׽ʯխͷס̺ˡֱסڽˡ 
ָ֮ڡ򲡡͡ˡ׵ȽԿɰ鷢ž֢²֮򡣻򱾲žˡ 
ϷȻٴһ껼˼ߡɡù̫йѡ 
ʵ־֮žˮ֪ĸǮˮưضǮǡĵá롣ǮʵǮ 
ɰʰ˷ֳ֡壩˸ʲ֡ǺϷ赤̾ΪһⲻıҲ˴Ⱥʿ 
һζػ衣ˮ½ɵ۾衣ϲţٺϡʮζžβй 
ɬﲢˡʳ糣Է 
ġϰԱءӪҵ˶֮ʶ׼ͷоϲ֮дѧ㻼֮ѧ 
֮ơ˥βθήƲ㻤ٷʴȡÿءѹθɲͷΡ 
ϵ󳦲䶯ȱڼ١򳦼ڻ¡δ˲עԸʺɡͽ¹¡ 
淴Ⱦ͹ܼ¡ 
й ֮ϰ ÿ֮ˮҰ һ  
űʱĦ ֮˶ ϰʽ ˹ߡҩ 
Һɣ驸󳦡Ƚ衣Դһζȡڡ 
л¼֮áˡճĶޡŬղ¡Ŀ֮ 
Ʒ⡣̷˹Ƭ޼á 
塳ҽ֮سơ֮ڷڶٴ֮ʡ鷽ժ¼վóԻ 
Ƿ鷽ѡһַһ֮ҽ־⡣дȽѪ¼ 
֤֮ߡ 
֢ѪɺײǮʮöˮ֮ͬáٹˮճһ֮˷ν˿Ѫ 
ˡ 
ѪѪѪܸǮźڶǮĩˮϵǳڲ 
䱩ѪĩһǮθѪ֮Ҳ 
ѪĵáǡǮܸǮ߰˷֡ĩź֭룩Ƴ 
Ǯ롣ǮԻѪαꡣĵܸΪαźơéΪҪ 
֢Ӽ޲Ч簴˷Լ档 
Ѫ̿ĩˮ¡ֹѪ 
ʧѪ֡ƤǮ롣źһһʮǮ̡һǮǮ½ 
֥ԭעѪ֢ӡ򡣷Ƚ֮㲻ɷϡ 
Ѫη졣衣֮˷Ѫʵѡ 
Ѫ֭ź֭«֭һƱ׹֭ס֭ܲƱ֭һƱʺҶ֭ס 
֭ 
ȡȡ֭һƱȾ 
ѪǮɳθǮ϶ǮٺϸǮ½ԭ 
ѪȻЧʮν޽簴ԭ޷Ϊöϡ 
βѪͯƼһֻξ󶬶Ǯͯһѡúˮ߹áδʱ¡ 
 
Ч԰Ƿ걨ʶжȷЧ簴ͯΪδ֮θ֮ˡ 
֭ⲻɡ 
ѪһȥƤźһȥڡҶһšȥ١ʰһȥġһȥ١ 
ʮöȥˡ衣ռЧԺǰһռ簴źȡ֭롣ס 
̵Ѫéȥģͷӣȥģȼéȥ 
档ĻʱȡʳѮؼͥʶʳƷȻ𡣳֢Ѫ֮ 
Ҳ 
żĳƱһһڡС֮ʹƷһġȴּ¡֮ͥҩҲ 
١θҺͺҺ֮ڡƵ֭֮йθðƵ簴ҽƤΪθҩҩ 
Ƥ֮Ч·Ҳ 
ƻʡƸƶѪӪʳ͡簴ˮԺᡣΩƻʤ 
 
ʳ֢֮˥֮ 
桿ǡΪˮ֮Ʒ簴ҽ̵ҩഫηή 
ѡʡǡҶάƶѪܰٽˡ簴Ƴ֮ơԻѾơк֡ 
 
νƽԺΩ档ֻ֮ٷ֮߰˶ 
㽶ۡճҺ֭γϰԱء簴֭䶳ϡ۶ 
ϡĶࡣ˥ʳ簴ҽԲ֮ȺԻ 
 
ɣ驡ʼϸĤʡɱն֮ͷʹѪк֮Ҳ簴ೢνɣα 
֢֮һ꣨ĩÿ֡зα֮ʵ֢ƼЧ 
ߡиĽ³´л֬ηֲ֮Ч庬šһ 
ġһһˡԸڵֲ֮Ҳ塣衣ء˼ 
֮㵥ҲإϺйҽѧԺִ̡Ůżλܡò˺öӯſּԼˡѯ 
ҩʡݳһáҽۻݡʳݡ֮ 
֮áڱࡣԸ֮ߡһ֮ 
ˡΤӱ߶׸ӷǮʹ顣䵥Ҳҽ಻ȡáΩӦ֢Ρ 
δꡣ˷֢ǿڹνʹߡȷơΤӱ޼ҩۡ 
ɡһ㡣粡֫ţϥǮ 
šϹθйккйкվòߡŻ¡ȥӰģã 
֭渹ʹľ㡣Ωô˷Ϊݡﳣ֮Իҡҩ䲡ӡ 
إһġ񸴵ʵСĳʳú㼲ͬᶫΪһ𡣸˺ 
һ顣̽ĶĵҲ 
ʮϵ˿Ӫ֮ԱѲ֮ҲӪ֮ϡճ簢֮Һɡ 
ʾýˮСҩδԶ书áνθҺ̷ν̵ֹ 
ʱҽ񩡣º̵ÿԴҩȰʳΩҽԡβ֮Чʵ΢΢ 
֮߰ơⱾƷϵ֮Һɡθ֮ҺŨŨ罺 
֧֮ڶΪ̵ҩٽѪҺ̶֮ΪֹѪҩΩЧԷǳʳӡﱾ 
ؼԡ˲ܱµȡϸ֮ġҽ֮ꡣ 
ʮһ鷽±Ķժ¼һ¡ 
θࡿ˸Ѫɴáۻ ׳۶Ƭã׹ȥͷβϴǮ 
һٺ죨Ǯ»ƤȥɣɰڡȪˮɸࡣÿˮ 
簴˷ٺ졣Ƣθʹ̲֮Ʒ֮סϵ鲹Ѫù ζΪơΩ 
ڲѪΡδʧʵ 
ƳƤ̵˳ֹ򡣳Ƥһˮȥף ̨ ʲݣͬһաȥ 
ݡƤӴ 
ĸϸΣȡһҹԸΪȡ 
簴˷ʴ͡ΪҩʤƸưĶӡĩܲءԶ 
žزաɬ֮ҩԲȡδ̫֮ʱò 
ڴˡʵ ɽҩһ ӣǮ 񣨶Ǯ ʣǮ ̨һǮˮȽҩ 
֮ӰǮȡͬÿˡʮաֹβӡ 
簴˷̾Լ̲顣˷ȷ 
 㽭棨߸ С ϶һϣˮȫЧ 
Ѽ޲ʳ֮ܽƢ澫ЧѼһֻȥëƿȥӲˮð 
ëѼɣ 棨ʮöȥˣ ׹ʮöȥǣ ʮȥģ ˲ΣһǮ ƣ 
 ýͣѼڡˮ߲װ÷Ϊ衣¾ͷ 
簴˷Ƣ̾ȡ͡žˡ巽Ϊ鷽±ʱ档һΪ 
ѪΪ̵Ϊ̾ģΪ壩Ϊ̲ҩƽ ֮Ӧ㡣Ϊת 
ڴˡ䭼֮ͥҩҲ 
ʮءʳһ໨ްÿ԰밻 
׷밻ڡʳ֮Ȼ볯¡ˡͬʱɽ๫ʳһС볯ˡȻ 
ͬʢ١ÿʳࢷкͬʱԪ 
ֹҶԽ֮ͷһʳಢ䡣簴Ĺ졣Գ֮Ȼʳ 
١Է֮ݻ֮ʳνе׳е֮Ͷߡÿ뵰һ 
һ˿ˡ֬ˡˮ̿ˡΪʵÿ˷ܹ֮Ӫ֡ʹ֮ 
Ϊʵϲװ쵽塣ԼʳԲסΪ֮ࡣࡣࡣ 
ߡˮս͡ÿ԰˷ΪȡӪȲȱθೣȫӡ 
ʮʤ¡֮Ӻ֪ԫߡĪһ 
֮ζɡϵɩơ÷ζĲ񡣷خƺТʫӽ֮ԻСӡ 
㡣ζ档ܲ硣ϵʹƳɡ顣θʽˡݲ 
֮͡Ѹ١ζ岻塣⡣ʤһסʳ֮ˡ 
ʮġż㽭ǧ︱ž֮αһġʮϺҽרѧУ 
ʱݽ첡֮ʳƷϳ͡ҩ໼ǲҽΡ 
䲻ȡݴʵβݷЧҩȫˡ֮ܽҽ 
ز֮ۡࡣνҽ졣ʧ֮ƫݴ췽ҩ 
Ч־Ϊ¼¡Ա㲡Ʒʢƺ졣ೢԷ 
ζ֮ҩػơԺ֮л֮ÿһ߰߼ζӰ 
轰ҩӡ˹ΪҲࢱˡྫྷ׷ͼŴ׷ 
Ч֪֮ҩﲻʳִе֮áϰԱ֮ˡȡ 
ĩΪ衣˯ԵǮ֮ࡣ 
ʮ塳ֿѻݡоҩųơֵ֮ʤڰסա 
סʽߡȥѰסѰԾȼ̲רȡѻƴɡڽ֮ʳ֮ 
ÿһ롣ɵѻƶöôʳਲϡ֮Ҳѻкж֮֬סά 
׼졣֮ҪӪҲΩʳԷˡð졣֮ 
ʮѯƱߡԻұݡÿνԼࡣ΢֮áΩı 
ࡣÿຬδ졣ǵû΢⡣;Ժ֮˵ҩߡǶǡ 
ɻþ֮סԽθǲ׳֮ʱ㲹δȻѶ 
Ծš˵һ⡣ʧ֮塣ǧȫǹ֮ߡڶСѧΪޡ 
ĿһСΪԨʱⲡ䷱ȻйżΪһࡣѧΪ񡣿νɡԺ 
ҡϾ衣зʱʧ֮ӹپ塣ϰ¼ıʼϳˡϧ̫١ز 
áʯԴж֮Ϻ˲ǳҩѧ˲ɲ֮顣Ҷʿֳ԰ϲ 
òƸʵ̸ʵá֮Ҫ֮¡ڸĿдȡһΪ㡣ʵ 
է뱦ɽʰʯֵʶһЦϽ¼ƸҪΩ֮ʵҩѧ 
ࡣÿƷעϲѧպϷࡣԴؼӱ༭ϰ¼롣Ϊο 
̾ߡʳƱӼϰݡǾ֮ɹҲ 
ʮߡҽԻҽ¼ʯԴ󺮡Ժҽ߲֮öáپٰ׻֤֮Ի޴ 
ȡԽ֢֮ơʯࡣȻپ֮ҩԺҲѸżŶùšΪʼҶ 
ߡͶʯ֮ѡ֮ʱлʡʲֹߡʹʯĩʶֹʯ֮οʶ 
Ҳ֪ѡԻʯΪҩ̫֮ǲѧ֮Ҳپ֮ʯࡣÿ 
ҩһζ㱡Ҳ˹ʯ֮ۡϷڡһԮһ˺ 
֮ӡԻֻ֮֮顣Ժû ֮֮ܲȡɡҩ 
֮ƶ֮ȥơԶҲ۴ˡʯ֮ á֮ 
ȻʶͬΩҽ˹塣ҽ̲㡣ÿСᡣ͡غ 
ҽŵáŷɡߡ֮ƼҡΪȻ 
ʮˡѯԻνţȻԻţζ΢ķΡ󳦡ȶ 
Ƥ֢ԭڻ𡣶ţ֮Է¡Ȼɼ²С䲹֮ĺ 
ΪΨһ֮Ʒ𿺡ţ顣һءֻ档δס 
˵֮ӡΩ෴ʳ˸ ᡣţߡɲ֪ 
ʮšζʡƢǿνֹȡйкҽҡú档Ωͨ 
϶顣νɫڡζ΢ᡣȡԲƢѪ֮ȥʹ½θ֮ 
һһ֮νΪн֮ҪƷ˶ú档ݸĿν費ҩδ֮Ү 
簴ζŨƢרθˡ ԽݡͶ档Ժú档Ҿö 
档ʪ֮סϸ˶߹á֮ͬСС졣Ϊˡ 
ʮϬţǡΪϬǼǿááʸȶϸ 
Ϭǡȶ֫򡣹ϬΪҩΪҩԴˡ 
ʮһ޺ˡִ̱۴ϻݷСҳҮӦ֮١򺣺ӡʦΪ 
ʪ֢Դ󶬹ϰöһΪ֤ʹζŨһ굡һջꡣ޲ 
Ϻкȡʪͨ㡣аຮʪȡҷƢ¼ʪ֮ȶ 
ʪߡȷԡҩζȫרѸ塣Ϊͬ 
ʮѪŬ̫ͶӹѴҽڴֻ֢ӹм 
뼽ҽҩ¼󡣽幩ٴ֮辵 
һ˲ΣһǮ ˻ Ǯ Ǯ ֣ܺ ˸ʲݣķ֣ 飨֣  
ζӣ 
˻ Ǯ һǮ Ǯ ˲ΣһǮ 飨֣ ˸ʲݣ֣ 
ƤһǮ һƬ 棨ö 
϶ԲΪԭƷҲ 
ʮնʫȰϴߡӹġյϲѪҺ֮ҲԪۣƣ 
֮κʹʮҽѧ裨һζƾΪ裩֮Ŀࡣθ裨âʲΪĩ裩֮ 
ʹѪ΢壩ͬһɡ 
ʮġѪ̵ѪźڡźߡΪ֮źЧʤڸ֮ڡź 
֮˴źȡ֭Ϊ֪źֹѪຬпѧԭδһĨɱǡԵ 
ź֮Ѫ֢ߡϴѪ֮Чź̸ڼȫΪ 
ۡЧȻҲ 
ʮ塳Ϣʳءࡣһθࡣ԰⡣ʢͲʽڡÿһһǮ 
áƬĻ˿һ㡣ڷ֮ٴΡ˥̵ 
㻬֮ߡÿԿˮ宷һסѪʤ 衣֮簴۱书Ϊ־ 
ĲѪΪ˼Ƣ˵ʵΪ֮ҩ˥֢ 
֮޼䡣ȷЧΩΪѪʤ δʵӡ 

