<ƪ>һͤĿȫ
һͤĿȫ
ߣԷ  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣУΩĿΪأ˾֮⣬Ī˾Ŀ俪ΣȻ֮Һ 
עĿΪ֮ңӾĿ֮˵Ωȳ䣬аţ 
Ȼ˹֮£˭ܻ⡣򱻷˪ð֣ 
⡣Ϊŭ˸ΣӪѪݺģڡ˹Σ֮أԳ 
ҽ֣֮ɲաȻνܲߣ˺?彭ӣ˭顣 
賢һͤĿȫ飬ҵҽ֮ԵǱΪ߲ɲ֪ҽۣ֮ 
ТӡΪ༴Ϊҽּ֮ʸ־ڣӡТ֮ˣ龫ҽѧ 
в֮ߡз򣬷Ϥżƶȣר 
ĳѰߣ䷽ҩ顣ϧȱ鲻 
֮ʲϮӡ񲻸˽ظ㣬֮˹ǵΪТӱ֮ģ 
ΪºĿߣΣԸ֮Կɱ֮أ 
Ƿ˪֮ˣһͤ飬书աΪ 
\xζϾ¹ϣҢڽ\x 

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<ƪ>
ԣ֮Ŀ֮Ҳʹ£˶ĿԱɫ 
ĿΪ˾֮٣ĸƢ徭ϵɡȻĿڿɲҮ൷֮Ŀ߶࣬ 
ɫϣԷ裬ҩ֮ȻҩҽĪҲೢ 
ԣҩҽ֣ഫڹˣּ˹ԡҵָߣҽҲ֮ 
Դʩҩתɿɡ˼ʮ֮أţ֮ 
ҽߣڹ컯֮£ʹΰա֥̫أ棴 
ʿʸĹ֮ɳϪùȿ֮Ȼȥ˼ 
ĺ˸衣ͬʮӣ֪̫֮ѧԨ䣬Ǳĺùţųıǧ 
գδ֪ͨ᪻ѧΨ˼мδҽ⣬ɡͶˣ 
Σӡν̫֮ԢͶԼ԰̫ȵ 
ʾֳżիĿƣΪ彭飬촫Ŀʮش𣬺ϳһᣬؼУ 
֮ԻС֮꣬棬ؽǦԹͬáࡣԲ 
ªҽθ顣棬ǳʵäҲ۷֮ɣ࣬ 
֮񣬷ܲ⣬ĿδҲҶ֮һչ䣬ȻУν 
һ֮ɣǧ֮Ҳ̫жߣ˭ԻȻ 
\xƽںһռƲܽܯų֮\x 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣ֮ϾգȻ᪻ѧԴ壬ϰδȻż֤ 
ù 
äӡ̽ŷЧҮ?֮֮Ү?Ŀ 
Уδй棬ä߶ӣ!ĳߣʾԳĿƣν 
ӣδ䷽֮ΪϳǰᣬԻһͤĿȫ 
彭˲׫Ⱥ۴ξ΢֪Ϊä֮ᣬԻ 
 
ԻɺĪ˼⡣ΪңĿѮնɢ 
Ǻ֮мʼȻڴӡԸҩʩƶä 
¸ĹٻδϾˣȸ꣬ϭ˾ȶͬĿϣΪҩ֮ 
Ӧָ˾Ⱥྪ졣ҽգҩҩߣ֮Ҳ 
ȻĲߡƶƱý޺«ʯķ֮Ӧ֮޲ЧָĹ 
һδԸˡîȨ˰簲ҩä߸ö١ 
żիڿҲϧһͤȱΪ֮塶ڡ޿ĥ 
Ϊ֮񣬶˳д󣬺֤࣬ƣ󷻼 
á̼ȹѣ־ԶΣҮ಻ǳªѰ壬Ե 
֮ܶߣע֮ϣ֮²֮ͣ᪻ߣ 
죡棬꽫ӣ׳ѧ£޴ģִ࣬ 
һܼΣȻöʧǣı֮һߡ 
þ淽ԸٶʾԻˡСҲ飬ɣ 
ֲ֮񣬿㲼֮ä߲äι컯У࣬ 
ҡ淽ߣ̾ȻѰЧ书ôӣٶ֮ 
\xϴ棴֥\x 

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<ƪ>
ԣ身ԻĪΪ֮ǰãĪΪ֮ʢּ˹ԣǧ 
Ȼǰ֮˿ĻǶߣ֮ĮţԿʾȣ 
β¶äաǹʱȱ֮ӣھѧɣҲʷǨ 
Ի֮ɽˡൺ׵ա棴֥ߣѧĽţ 
նܡΩҲϧΩĽҲʾžΡѧܣĪ 
 ӡУҲһףԸ¹֮Сߣ棴 
Ŀ֮Ҳһ彭˲ţСһͤĿȫ顷ԭȱһ 
֪ţСۿơ䣬ɨ֮ɣв֮棬깫ϣҢ 
ٵؿڶ֮֮ܵ䱾ϧϧգѧաำ 
񣬲´Ҳӣʿӡߣ֮䱦֮ӯ 
½룬ҫ׶ĿǡȻ֮ҲĿֱä಻äĿ 
äĿ֪˲äĿʵäĿäӡձգ˭ʹ֮֮ʶߣ 
ä֮աߣһߣк棴ѡֹ 
£黭ȣӶšҾ̸֮״òԽ˶ 
νǿ֮äӡ޺Σ֪棴ںȡ֮࣬ңܾɡ 
񣬳֮ҲĿڱˣҫڴӡΪȻ 
Ҳ?ѣիѣѡźɽܡǩԻӽ䱦 
½ӡֹӡԼӡݾӾãʶ棴ھʷ 
Ӱټԣ᪻ѧȷشҲпߣҲָ忰Ҳ 
լҲҲɣȾҲֻ۶ʣƶ񣬶а 
ߣ¶ĪܶΡͨزָ֮䣬֮ӡɱ 
ں棬ƽ֮ã棴ضڲ̸ߣ棴֮壬棴֮䱦 
½ظҲ֮᪻ѧա᪻һHT ǹʽУȭȭȻ 
ȻΩžѧҺΪ졣ͣȾԽԺҲ 
кѧĽţն֮棴ڴաʹ֣Į֪ 
ϧߣίڳܣʴ©ʪò֮Ͷ֮ˮ 
˭ա֪֮ΪҲߣض֮Ծ棬˽ 
֮ää֮ĿʹȺΪǰؼǸ便Ҳͬ 
ھȻ֮ɽ֮ˣա棴ϧ֮֮ϧ 
֮־֮Σٶ֮Թ㲼£ӡͣһʱ֮ʢ 
ӣ֮˹оն֮ߣٽԡСӡִԳձؾ 
ӡൺ棴һ˶ţȣΪ֮Ϊ֮ǰԲä£ 
ö֮ൺൺҿԸٸԻä߿ɲä䲻äߣԵ 
äĿ籣Ҳɡ 
\xϴͩ׾\x 

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<ƪ>Ҧ
ԣһͤۿơһʱΪżիϣҢ̡Ⱦãԭ 
麱ߣϵ걨Իӡޣް岻ˢԺ 
ߣɵáиʩΣЧ˼Թ䴫Ӷܱ 
˸̸̣ͬģ뼷¹ɷƱΪȰļؿɣ 
и֮ߣݣ֮ѱ 
ȫǳաΪ 
\xʮٴ佼Ҧ \x 

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<ƪ>Ŀ
ԣԻ֮עĿ֮Ϊͫӣ֮Ϊ飬ΡѪ 
֮Ϊ磬ġ֮Ϊ飬Ρ֮ΪԼƢѪ֮ϵԣ 
Уˣʳʧڣ۹ȣĿĿͨϣ侫 
һЮľУתˣʮ֢֮ܲԽ϶ 
ԪơĿΣͫжǰ֮϶Ҳࡢˮ 
Ѫ澫Ŀ֮ԴҺҲߣĿں࣬˥ˮߣ 
Դһ֮Ŀ֮ˮҲˮ˥лʤﱩ֮ˮĿִС֮ 
ɬл֮Σ߶࣬ӯ٣ȫ֮Ŀߣԭţͨڵ 
ģ֮Ҳ˥л֮з֮ꡣľҲͨڴ  
ߣʵҲΪСģСҲͨС С ߣҲ 
ĬȻӡѪߣĿע֮ѪҲѪǱȼ 
֮Ѫһˮν֮ҲߣĿ֮֮һ 
֮ԪҲ澫ߣȺԪ֭֮ʩڵͫҲ 
ߣһĿӡԻ÷Ŀߣ֮֮ɣ֮ 
̣ˮ֮Ѫˮˮ࣬໤ͫΪãά֡£ʵ֮ͬ 
Ҳ 

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<ƪ>Ŀ
ԣΣΪľҲľľ磬ΪӦĿУŭ 
֢ͫŭ۹ȣз纮ɫͷĿѣΣﲻվò 
Σɻ谵֢ 
С ģΪҲľӰѪ ͷСʵԶӻ 
ͬǻǣ֢ǳͣ˼ǣģ⹥Ŀͫ ʾվò 
ʧ֢ 
°ƢƢΪҲ̫ƢԪɲԴ°ֳ࣬ʱ 
档֢ʳ ᣬڣѪʹɳɬվòΣҵ 
ޣ಻ѵ֢ 
ΣΪҲͣȹ˫΢ɴθ 
ƻ졣֢˪ðѩʧаܣϹվòΣﲻɰ 
Ĥھʹѿ֢ 
ͫΪˮҲͨϣˮľ֮壬֮ͬͬԴ 
ϳˮ̣Դൡ֢ᣬ͹ȣ 
񣬴־ˮȿϣɻԽĿǰˮͫä 
֢ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣʱۣʹѿʱ۴Ⱦաɳɬװãȭë 
ޡ ⾦ͫĤھϡᣬ©ŧ˺ 
ͻ͵ʱǣ бȸĿײ裬Ѫͫ񣬷ɳĿ 
ʱиӲͣͫʹʱɬС ɬ ɬ裬÷裬 
裬裬ʵ裬ʪ裬裬ͷ裬裬裬裬裬裬ʱʱɢ衣 
Ｑڣˡ 

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<ƪ>η
ԣν۲Ȼܷа۱زΪаڻ𲻵йЮ 
ľϱϣѪУʻۡʱΣԻȫվòΣζЧΪֹ 
ϵ֢ߣȻѪҲɢȣѪĿüӼ 
Һ֮񻪵综ĤھߣɴϽ֮˸ܿ䵱 
˾ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>Һ
ԣϵ֢ 
ǰһǮ ׽۹˷֣ ֱ磨һǮ ֣ ҩһǮ ֪ĸ 
 
֣ 
Ƭˮȷ 
ܷ纮ߣǼ֣ С֣ܺ ң֣ ȥ 
ߣӱϸ֣ ԰գ֣ 
ߣӣ֣ 
ʹߣŨưأ֣ 
ߣ̣֣ ɣƤķ֣ ĵƤ֣ 컨֣ 
Ĥߣľķ֣ ޼˷֣ 
 ߣʯһǮ  
ߣɻ˷֣ Ұ׾գ֣ 
 ߣʣ߷֣ڣ 
С ߣʣһǮ Զ־⣨ʲݼˮȥǳһǮ 󶬣һ 
Ǯȥģ Ұ׾գ֣ ػƣһǮ β֣ ػƣһǮ 
ۣҩ߼Ŀ޺󻼡ҩ 
ŷߣаȣھ磬Һʮ󣬻ɢ 
ʮգ񻪵յһΣ 
ߣüӼػ裬ķýҺɢ˷ 
Һ뷹ȷÿֹһθգ 
ߣս֮ˣӴһǮͨȥ˲࣬ 
 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣαʹ籱ߣ˷ 
  ׽۹ ţ ׯ 
ƬһǮ֣һǮͷΪˣýҺ 
񻪵 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>񻪵
ԣۻϣɬĤ֢ 
«ʯȡ׶Ƭ һȥ«飬ˮһѽ 
գ֭ ͯ㣨һѣȡа޲֭ͬһ룩 
ʯڣ̿ ɱɫȡ֭֮ͯ ߴΣɰ 
ǮͬΪĩˮȥţУϸ糾ãԻͷ飬Ǯ 
öڣʢһʱãмϸá 
ͷһǮĩһ֣УƬֺȣɹ޷̡һۣ 
մҩ ڣһãҩмÿ緹һΣҹɡ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ɴϽ
ԣƵϸˮɣɣŨֽʢڳȡ𣬵Ϻ䣬ֳ䣬 
˾ŴΣȥǦ糾ã ȥ«飩 ʯࣨһһۣ 
ƣʯзȷ֣ĩˮɣã ʯзһʯ۵ȷ֣ĩˮ 
ڭӣʮ ܵǮǮЧ٣Էˮȡˮϣ䳾 
棬ҩƷ ۣ˾ 
Ƚڭþˮ룬һ룬зΪϸĩˮɹҩۣ֭ͬ 
к뵤ټ壬ȡһס˳ˮһԡ𣬼̧ 
ˮڣҩ˿ΪȣܵȮ˸˼֮˷רиһ 
ۼ˫Ŀʮߣܻÿյ߾ŴΣ˫㣬 
ͣգֵգõƲݘ^Ĥӡ߲գЧ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>߱
ԣȥϡ 
飨Ǯ ꣨Ǯ ˮǮ ݣһǮ ʯǮ ܵǮ  
ԣ֣ 
ϵϸˮɰڼһȥ֣һյ뾻ǮΪ 
࣬ÿҹԺ֮ɵ㡣 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>䵱ɷ
ԣ䵱ɽһɷй©ɵͶިʺʯ ɰǰ׶㣬ԶĤ 
ϣܽһ㿪⡣ 
ʯǮ ͶһǮȥǣ ިʣһǮζͬˮȥˮʯڣ 
ɰһƯգྻʱ ɰķڣ仯ˮ 
ǣ Ϊϸĩ֣ ׶㣨ȡͷߣȡãʲһޣɹϸĤ ⣩ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ɢ
ԣκĤ 
һȡ׳ɫߣϵβ볤ˮϴɼƿΰ׽ʯ 
ڣĿЧ 
һȥ ⣬ʰȡ֭ ɰ㣬ð׶ɡ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>˾
ԣ衣 
ǲж٣òȥëջҴԣÿҩһǮ壬ͬϸĩ 
 
ۣвõ빳Ѫ󼲣ơԻ۵Ѫ 
ӣѪοҲýҺ񻪵ȷ 
һ˿ۣһڿ߻˿Գһۣ߶ 
^˿ 
һбȥҩƽַ²ѪĥܸͿһߣò 
ӡ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣһлۡ 
ûĩިȥƤϸȷ֣öͷȥˣҩԽͷ 
ˮһ룬С𣬴ϴЧôߣ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>Ǳɢ
ԣһϵ֢翪Ƿʹаգг·Ȼٶ ֮Ч 
Ծ 
첻ʳݣǮ 죨һǮ ܺһǮ 
Ϊϸĩˮڣÿ ڣΪȡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣˮͫӬӰԽͫ󣬱ֺ죬ͫСѪ谵ͫ񷵱Զ 
Ӳ 
ܽӣͫȱݣܽӲԶӣͫ𣬸̥磬ͫɢѪ 
С裬äϣСˣʱοգѣתȸĿҹڷʱ 
ܾӡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>η
ԣܲͫ񲻺첻ף˲⣬վòΣ󼲡ͫͨ 
 
ߣΩͫ񡣶ߣΩνҹͬԴ֮Ҳߣ 
ߡˮľٻЮľףͨϣ˹ӡ̫ͼҲ 
ˮɡˮˮٻСٻҲһڶ֮У 
ɺ֮󣬹νһˮҲˮƽٺͨȻƢٻľˮ 
 
Ƣν𣬸ĻΪ֮Դνڴ 
Ҳˮߣ׳ˮ֮⡣޻ߣ֮Դ裬ǶĿ֢ 
ˮ֮ˮ𣬼Ҳ鲹鲹֮ʧ 
ˮпܼͫΪϵ֢ߣѪͣҲѪ 
ĿüӼػ֮ķ屦ԻЧǧ쵤 
ʯҹ裬ѡá 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ζػ
ԣ׳ˮ֮΢ˮ 
ػƣϴɹŴΣ־õ࣬ ɽҩ ɽ⣨ȥˣ 
 
ϴ𳴣 ߣȥƤмɹɣ ĵƤȥǣ кȥë 
 
ΪĩͬػƸ൷ȣΪ裬ӴÿտģùˮǮ 
ѹ¡ֱ֮¡ 
ӵ顢ζػơ衣ȷ֣ 
轰׾ա 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ζػ
ԣ֮Դҳ߻˥Թ̱ 
ζƸӣһ һ 
Ըңûٵ֮ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ٵ
ԣ̲ˮٻиˣ÷ȴꡣ 
ػƣɹŴΣƬ󵷸ࣩ 轣Σ 
ͬ 
ϣƳ ţϥƳ ٣֭˿ ɽ⣨ȥ 
ϴɹɣ Զ־⣨ˮϴȥǣɹɣ ʯѣС 
ȥë ʵӣ𾻣 С㣨 ߣȥƤľмˮ 
ɹɣ ɽҩ 
ƾͺȣöͣΪ裬Ӵÿþƣη 
ʮ衣÷ǣϣ侫Ѫɫд棬ڸ 
˷֮ø٣ͯաӲ뷢Ȼʱŭһң 
Ůδ򸸡ԻҲҩʴ֮ȡ̾ͣ϶衣ԭϵ 
ҩɽӡ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ζңɢ
ԣŭ˸ΣĿɬ谵˶֮Ѫ鷢ȣڸԺ¾ʹ֢ 
󵱹飨ϴһǮ ҩƳһǮ ȥƤһǮ һǮ  
һǮ ĵƤһǮ ձɣ֣ ʲݣ֣ ֣Ǽ賴 
ϾƬˮ塣ŷʣϿθȥ֮ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>Ƣ
ԣ˼ƢѪ磬µ延£Ƣʹʳ 
㲻֫ʹ¾״µ֢ 
˲ΣһǮ һǮ һǮ ʣһǮ Զ־һǮ һǮ  
һǮ ľ㣨֣ ʲݣ֣ 
ϾƬˮ壬ΪĲѪβػѪƢͳѪ˼Ǿ 
Ѫ龭ǰ֢Դ˷ʹѪͳʵƢѪ֮ɢߣϤݣ̫ӡ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ĵ
ԣѪ㣬־Һݽߣ磬㲻֢ 
˲Σȥ«һ ԪΣһ Σһ 춬ȥģһ 󶬣ȥģ 
һ ζӣ۽ɣ ʣ ʣ Զ 
־⣨ʲݼˮһ޳ ȥƤľ ϴ棬 ׽۹ 
Ǯ ػƣϴ֭У 
ΪĩΪ裬罷Ŀ󣬰׹̷Ǯʱ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>屦
ԣͫȱԲͻƽҲ 
ҹɳˮϴɹɴ׳ ɰȥӼ׳ ˣڰϴ 
΢𱺸ɣ罹߲ã ĸѼΣˮƬ߱ɣ ۼΣǰ 
ΪϸĩȷֺȣÿþƵǮռЧߣٷһ 
 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ǧ쵤
ԣˮɢУÿкڻֽɶ壬ⲻգ 
ˮɫɫߡ 
ʯߣ ɰһ  
ζԴʯþ޻ ״ߴΣɹɣмϸˮɺɶɰ 
ϸˮɺһĩǰҩȣĩһˮΪȣ 
ǰҩڣΪ裬Ӵÿʮ裬ʮ裬£ķ 
ϷԴʯẮ׹ΪˮҲɰ΢ʺ׹ľΪ 
ĸĸʵҲʵĿ¸ʣƢθʳΪ߷ 
䱩Ҳҩ󣬸ӲӽߣЧҲĻ˽ˮ˥ 
֮òŷߣ֮ķǰʯҹ֮ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ʯҹ
ԣ֢ͬ 
Ŷȥı ˲Σ ˿ӣУǮ֣ ζӣ 
Ǯ Ŷȥıһ ʣȥƤ⣬Ǯ֣ ߣȥƤ ӣ 
Ǯ֣ ţϥǮ֣ ػƣһ ػƣһ Ұ׾գǮ֣  
޼Ǯ ʯǮ أǮϴȥף 洨ܺǮ иʲݣǮ 
׿ǣȥy泴Ǯ ɽҩǮ֣ ӣǮ ֱ磨Ǯ  
Ǯ ݾǮ֣ ǣĩǮ ϬǣǮ 
϶ʮζĩΪ裬Ӵÿʮ裬¡ 
Ϸ̲ҩҲ£ԻԾãҲʾ춬˲Ρ˿֮ 
ͨǿҲζ󶬡ʡߡ轡ţϥػ֮ʪѪ 
ѪҲԾջ޼ʯءܺʲݡ׿ǡɽҩ֮Ʒ飬 
ҲʹԷ硢Ϭ֮ɢкȣĿҲ֮ 
˷֮˴˳֮ηҲ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ܵ
ԣ۷ءؾһ˻ĿھҽЧΩɾȣ 
ҹ˸ԻҪĿܵ裬ڡؾݷƷ֮ѮĿ 
ȻĿ 
ܵһ֣ һǮ ɻһǮ 磨һǮ Ǽһ 
Ǯ ݣһ عƤһ ɣһ ľݣһ Ƣһ  
Ǯ Ǯ ׾ջǮ ߣһǮ ӣһϣ ިʣǮ֣ 
Ϊϸĩһߣ룬ҩȡߣȥĤҩƶ 
֮Ӵ󣬷ʮ衣ƷƣΨľȥڣި⣬ˮԣơ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣ۷һϲˮС󣬹񣬷һпͣ 
룬ԻĿᣬǸݷҩ֮Ŀӡҹ 
ѮĿ׳ 
ػ ػƣΩ߼ѣ Ĵտã 
ζȷΪĩΪ裬Ӵ󣬿ʮ裬ɳ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣһ֮ӡٻĿΪ࣬ɥ࣬ҹ̾ 
ϢŽ ֮Ϊ˭Իɻ˸һ 
һ ΣһߣȥĤ 
ĩ͸ɳڣϸӴÿԹˮʮ裬 
޷ոӡĿԿΣˮۼ 

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<ƪ>Т
ԣһ˸⣬ĸķĸТԢݣ򻼳ʳзϣҽ 
Ч 
ؽⰵаؤǮֹĸءҹһɮüǣһ 
ˮϴۣ֮ԻȥҲΪ𣬰䷽ɮ֮ 
ҹɰϴ 飨ϴ ľȥڣ ɣȥ㣩 
һΪĩúˮã࣬ҩֵͣӴʳ 
ˮʮ衣֮ոĸ磬ĸӡȥ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣϵ֢ 
ػƣƣ Ŷȥģ ǰӣȥǣ 
ȷΪĩΪ裬Ӵʳǰùˮʮ衣 

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<ƪ>һӵ
ԣγĤ֢ 
ڭӣһö 
ĥĿС 

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ԣɰٻʳٲݡ 
򵨹۽ȣϵ紦ɣƿĿ 
һ˻Ŀưء֪ĸ֮࣬ӱѪҲԻôƢ鲻ͳѪ鲻ܲѪ 
Ҳòζػ裬 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣ;Ƣ֢ 
 һǮ֣ˣ ˲Σȥ«һǮ ʲݣһǮˣ ϴһǮ  
һǮ Ƥȥף֣ 飨֣ ֣ 
ϾƬˮ 
һӣΪбظбΪ丸ҽһҽ 
ʢ 
ﵩѣ֮ҡǰб֮ӡĸԾȻϲлʷЧҲ 
ҽԻ޲гһҶڷϣ£Ϊб֮ 
ͣչת֮䣬ӣҩ֮ա 
һиȻﲻĿʹ̥˸Σ˹ϳ壬ȣʳ  
֮Ծ֮Һ֮޲ЧҲ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣθ̥ۡ 
磨һǮ 루֣ Ұ׾գ֣ ɣ֣ ̣֣ ݻˣ߷ 
 Ƴ֣ ʣڣ֣ ţӣУ֣ 󵱹飨ϴ˷֣ 
洨֣ܺ ֣Ƴ˷֣ ػƣãһǮ 
ϾƬһƬһΪȷ 
һ鸾¶ĿŲҽԻ֮ʹȻߣĿ 
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<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>һ
ԣʣȥƤǮ 
һƿ죬֮顣 
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֢꣬ҽҲȡԻ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>
ԣ˲ΣһǮ֣  һǮ֣ 󶬣ȥģһǮ ĸһǮ ˷֣  
Ƥ֣ ֣ܺ ˣķ֣ Ҿգ֣ ѿķ֣ ʲݣ֣ 
ϼǰ֢Ϥ 
һ˻ҷۣøҶ飬о׽֭СͲ 
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ȡɹɣʱã֮֮аԵĿУ 
գͯɾͣĿƷҲ 
һ˻ĿʹƢθʳѽʢƢҩθΣƢ 
ʳѽůҩƢʢӲ֮?ƽҩУ𣬲 
ò賣ਣƢҲɱζƢһ֮ԻľùҲ 
һ˾ûĿäаھҩЧǴԵҩ࣬ϣﲻ 
Ϊ飬äԾȿ൤һĿ 

<Ŀ¼>η
<ƪ>ȿ൤
ԣһ΢ڼɸ࣬䣬Ƭĩ壬Уᡣ 
ĤƤɹɣСΣջҴԣ裬֮ 

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<ƪ>Сη
ԣۣг׶ʹܿߣڱζߡԹŷۣ˵ 
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֮ҲѪ֮Ҳ֮ڼߣΪӸΪܣھ 
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磨֣ 루ķ֣ ձɣķ֣ ǰ߷֣ ӣķ֣ ҩ 
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֣У ׾գ֣ ɻķ֣ ޼߷֣ȥ̣ ľ֣ ĵƤ 
ķ֣ 
ˮȷ 
Ӻ컨֣ ɣƤķ֣ˮ 
Ĥھʯ˷֣ У 
ᣬӱϸ֣ 
ӻ֣ 
ߣɼú 

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<ƪ>
ԣСۣô 
Ƶ֣ ۣ֣ 
ΪĩȣۻҶۻÿմΣÿ 

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<ƪ>ɻɢ
ԣ֢ǰͬ 
ɻϴɹɣǮ ɣȥǮ ȾݣǮ ɳϴɹɣ 
Ϊĩÿ һҩһǮڣʢЧ 

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<ƪ>Ⱦɢ
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Ⱦݣһ ۣ 
Ϊϸĩÿ һȥĤƬҩһǮЧ϶ 

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<ƪ>Сη
ԣСθ࣬粻ɼɱ·ʱԲʳʧˣ 
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ᡣ̰ʳݳվòΡ˸ΣĿӡջ裬 
֢Ӷزۣɲաҽʱηвɥ 
֮ 

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<ƪ>
ԣСۡ 
ۻƣΪĩˮɺɣǮ ˮʯ ΪĩǮ 
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ʳռЧܿ 

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<ƪ>СȸĿ
ԣȸĿߣҲ?ԻÿĿֺżäۣν۵ѪӡѪ 
п 
ѪҹҲѪҹӣβ÷Ϊ֮ 
ҹɢ 

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<ƪ>
ԣȸĿЧ 
ۻƣΪĩˮɺɣ 
ȡȸΣ޼ãͻ壬¾Ƶ 

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<ƪ>ҹɢ
ԣȸĿд֢Ρ 
ʯϴ Ϊĩ ҹɳϴΪĩ Σÿһθ 
пΣƬҩǮڸϺ϶߸֮ɳڣˮ 
죬˯ʱҩ֭ 

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ԣи飬аˣϹĿھɬᡣ 
ţϥƽ ʯ ׿ǣ ʣȥƤ⣬ 磨 
ػƣһ ػƣһ 
ΪĩΪ裬Ӵÿʮ裬ʳǰ¡ 
ô˷ϣ߼ߣˡ 

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<ƪ>Ӽפ
ԣθ飬Ŀ谵ﲻ 
ػƣ 飨 һ ʵһ ˿ӣ ζ 
轣 ǰ 
ĩӴÿʮ裬ʳǰ¾¡ 
ô˷ϣˮĿӡ 

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<ƪ>֥
ԣĿԶӲܽӣɡ 
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ΪĩӴ󣬲°衣 
鲻ܽӣ˷ҩҲ֮ 

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<ƪ>־
ԣĿܽӲԶߡ 
ߣ ˲Σ Զ־⣨ ʯѣ 
ΪĩӴɰΪ£ÿʮ裬£ʳ 
 
Զӣ˷ҩҲ֢֮֮ĵٵ 
֮ҩ 

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ӣ أһ 죨һ ʾջ 
ΪĩӴÿʮ裬¾η 
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<ƪ>
ԣĤھɬ軨ͷĿ 
ʾգͷٶ䣩 루룩 ľȥڣپ  ʵ 
 
Ϊĩ赯Ӵÿһ裬ϸ¡ 
ô˷֮ƷαҲ֮ 

<Ŀ¼>Ѧѡ
<ƪ>
ԣĿ軨 
轣һȡɫķ֣þһ֮ 
һִһͬһСһͬһ֥һЭ鳴һֶɸ 
ȥ 
ػʾջΪĩӴÿʮ裬 
¡ 
ô˷ԺÿճɱĿȴã书 

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<ƪ>
ԣСηᡣ 
죨һǮ һǮ 飨һǮ ܺһǮ «һǮ ֬һǮ ҹ 
ɳ 
һǮ ݣһǮ֣ ۷磨һǮ֣ ɣһǮ֣ ȫЫ  
 ͷǮ˽ 
Ϊĩ֭⣬Ӵÿʮ裬¡ 
ô˷࣬ΡΨ˸ߣˮ綯ΪĿƷζҲ 
ȻȫЧ 

<Ŀ¼>Ѧѡ
<ƪ>ɣƤɢ
ԣη˹ϹĿ׾ͣҹʹ 
Ԫ ɣƤ ׿ǣ  ʾ     ʲ £ 
  
ϸһΪϸĩˮһǮ 
ô˷η֮Ͼʹ˷ 

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<ƪ>ɻɢ
ԣη綾Ŀ谵ᣬס 
Ǽһ ޼һ ľһ ɻһ ʯ һ  
գ԰ߣ 
ΪĩÿǮʳ¡ 
ô˷η綾˷ 

<Ŀ¼>Ѧѡ
<ƪ>ɢ
ԣθξȣ˹ϹĿףһзȻ衣 
ȾݣһǮ ʾգ֣ ɣ֣ Ǽ֣ ʲݣ֣ ޼һǮ 
 
һǮ 磨߷֣ ɽ٣߷֣ ֣ܺ ɻ߷֣ ľ֣  
루֣ ˣ֣ ӣ֣ 
ΪĩÿǮʳ¡òɢȵ֢ˣ֢вͬ 
ûѪʵ˼Ӽڡȫ顷 

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<ƪ>ϴɢ
ԣη׳ȣͷĿʹϳ壬ڿഽʺʹ꣬ʣķ 
Сɬ͡ 
ƣУǮ ʲݣǮ 飨Ǯ ҩǮ ƣǮ 棨Ǯ 
Ǯ 
ΪĩÿǮɼ 

<Ŀ¼>Ѧѡ
<ƪ>ϴɢ
ԣη綾ϹĿʹѿᡣ 
  Ǽ  ɽ ʲ ƣϴ ܺ 
ϸΪĩÿǮʳˮ¡ 
ǰ˶֮ʴ汸οԻϴġϴζɢĿ?Ի÷ 
ϴ 
˷֪Ϊ׳ʵߣð纮ڻ𲻵ɢʵף 
ϣףɬԴýɢ򲻸Ҳ岻ͬڿִ? 

